大众化教育时期高校教学质量保障与监控新探——以湖南高校为例

高等教育的大众化,一方面,给地方院校的发展带来了空前机遇,各院校的规模和效益实现了前所未有的蜕变;另一方面,人才培养质量问题也变得越来越严峻。湖南相当多高校内部各个部门各自为政,教学质量保障与监控不到位,影响人才培养的质量。要构建富有弹性的教学质量保障和监控体系,进一步加大教学投入,强化教学管理,推进教学改革,着力培养学生的实践能力和创新精神,为经济社会培养大批高素质专业人才和高层次拔尖人才。     

Engaging Actively with Issues in the Responsible Conduct of Science: Lessons from International Efforts Are Relevant for Undergraduate Education in the United States

Numerous studies are demonstrating that engaging undergraduate students in original research can improve their achievement in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields and increase the likelihood that some of them will decide to pursue careers in these disciplines. Associated with this increased prominence of research in the undergraduate curriculum are greater expectations from funders, colleges, and universities that faculty mentors will help those students, along with their graduate students and postdoctoral fellows, develop an understanding and sense of personal and collective obligation for responsible conduct of science (RCS). This Feature describes an ongoing National Research Council (NRC) project and a recent report about educating faculty members in culturally diverse settings (Middle East/North Africa and Asia) to employ active-learning strategies to engage their students and colleagues deeply in issues related to RCS. The NRC report describes the first phase of this project, which took place in Aqaba and Amman, Jordan, in September 2012 and April 2013, respectively. Here we highlight the findings from that report and our subsequent experience with a similar interactive institute in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Our work provides insights and perspectives for faculty members in the United States as they engage undergraduate and graduate students, as well as postdoctoral fellows, to help them better understand the intricacies of and connections among various components of RCS. Further, our experiences can provide insights for those who may wish to establish “train-the-trainer” programs at their home institutions.     

Gender and science achievement: A case study

Upon completion of a science unit on heat and temperature, the students in a Canadian 9th grade science class wrote two different achievement tests. On a unit test which required students to answer questions that were based on facts students had studied, grades obtained by girls and boys were not significantly different. Conversely, on a post‐test, which required that students apply their knowledge to novel situations, boys achievement was significantly greater than that of the girls, particularly on higher level questions. Classroom observations revealed that few girls contributed to class discussions, whereas most of the boys participated in discussions. It is suggested that the more active class participation by boys may have contributed to their making greater gains in the understanding of heat and temperature concepts.     

高职院校如何强化学生思想政治工作

加强和改进高职院校学生思想政治工作，要与高职院校中心工作紧密结合，与立足做好当前工作、尽快改善薄弱环节相结合，与深化学校教育教学改革相结合，与理顺工作机制、健全制度、强化管理相结合，与改善办学条件和硬件设施、优化育人环境、解决学生的实际问题相结合，与政府部门高度重视、全社会大力支持相结合；还要应扎实抓好思想建设、队伍建设、制度建设、校园文化建设、硬件设施建设等基础性工作。     

Animal-assisted Stress Reduction Programs in Higher Education

This study investigated the prevalence of increasingly popular animal-assisted stress relief programs at higher education institutions across the United States. Although research on animal-assisted programs is increasing, there is still a lack of information documenting implementation of these programs. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the prevalence, structure, and policies around animal-assisted programs. Data from 68 schools across the U.S. revealed that animal visitation at higher education institutions is popular, and some schools have instituted formalized programs. However, there is an overall lack of knowledge regarding standards and requirements that would increase the safety and effectiveness of these programs.     

成教学院实验室安全管理体系的建设

从威教学院实验室面临的安全问题入手,探讨了实验室安全管理体系建立与开展的内容,从而确保实验室安全,创造出一个安全愉快的教学、科研和学习的环境.     

论化学师范生教学实践能力的结构——基于实证研究

教学是实践的艺术,合格的师范生不仅要具备一定的专业水平,还要有较高的实践素养。结合PCK理论和调查的结果,化学师范生的教学实践能力可分为舞台表现力、心理教育能力、研究能力、互动能力、技术能力和化学实验6个要素。这六个要素共同构成了师范生实践教学能力的SPRITE模型。一项以毕业班学生为研究对象的调查证实了该模型的有效性。     

面向互动教学的多媒体教室建构方案

当今的课堂教学需要互动式的教学模式,现代化技术的发展能为院校开展课堂互动教学提供技术保障。但现有的多媒体教室在构建中并不完善,存在教学中缺少互动等问题。通过对问题的分析,提出了适合互动教学的多媒体教室应具备的功能及建构原则,提出了面向互动教学的多媒体教室建构方案,为院校更好地开展课堂互动教学提供服务。     

中国法制建设与图书馆立法

本文对我国的法制建设和有关图书馆的若干政策法规进行了简单回顾，在指出图书馆立法的困惑与不足的同时，强调必须加强图书馆立法的力度，旨在呼吁我国图书馆法早日诞生。     

Impact of a Simulated Stress Training Program on the Tactical Shooting Performance of SWAT Trainees

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To create a high-stress shooting among the crowd (SAC) program and to examine its effectiveness in reducing SWAT trainees’ stress level and their shooting performance in a simulated hostage-rescue situation. Method: After the SAC program was created, it was evaluated using a pretest and posttest experimental design: 98 young male SWAT trainees were randomly divided into experiment and control groups, with the former group trained in hostage rescue, shooting with real persons (high stress), and the latter group trained with “dummy” men (low stress); training for both lasted three days. Their shooting performance was assessed by a tactical shooting test in both high- and low-stress tests in a counterbalanced order, before and after the training, and monitored during the training, as were their stress levels by a set of physical (heart rate [HR] and heart rate recovery time [HRRt]), psychological (salivary cortisol and α-amylase), and self-reported anxiety measures. Results: The SAC program created needed high-stress for hostage rescue situations as reflected in increased physical, psychological, and anxiety scores and reduced shooting performance. Even with short SAC training, SWAT trainees’ capacity in handling high stress and tactical shooting performance were significantly improved. HR, HRRt, and anxiety tests have been found to be effective in monitoring stress and should be a part of future SWAT training. Conclusion: A SAC program involving real people was created, and its effectiveness was confirmed using a pretest and posttest experimental design.