Novelty versus retrieval cue value of visual contextual stimuli in pigeons

Learning & Behavior - Thomas and Empedocles (1992) proposed that in a retention test, the relative enhancement of responding when the context that had accompanied training is again present...     

Using rapid application development to improve the usability of a preservice teacher technology course

The aim of this research was to examine the use of a rapid application development (RAD) approach in improving the usability (effectiveness, efficiency, and appeal) of instructional materials for preservice teachers. The RAD approach used was the analysis, synthesis, evaluation and change (ASEC) model (Reigeluth & Nelson, 1997). After examining existing materials, 11 units of instruction were prototyped, tested, modified, and retested with the requisite changes being implemented over the course of three semesters. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected from 570 students, 7 instructional designers, and 4 lab assistants. Results of the study showed significant increases in usability scores between the second and third semester. Both positive and negative experiences in using a rapid development model are discussed.     

Differential Subject Performance and the Problems of Selection

Methods of test equating and scaling have been studied in the statistically advanced literature of educational and psychological measurement, and applied extensively where mass testing and selection procedures are required; for example, selection for tertiary study. Usually the procedures themselves require large data sets, and they are applied in order to ensure that students are not advantaged or disadvantaged because of the arbitrary features of the origin and units of measurement of the various tests. However, equating may be necessary where the data sets are relatively small. This paper provides an example of selection into a professional faculty within a university, following study from a range of subjects available in various faculties at the first-year level, and shows the need and a procedure for equating the grades in the different subjects. The procedure itself is based on a psychometric model studied extensively in the psychometric literature, and the purpose of this paper is to introduce the rationale for its application from first principles for a broader professional education audience and to illustrate its application with a practical example.     

Excellence and education

Demands for excellence have achieved national prominence. Educators need to include the state, civism, and equity within the framework of defining excellence. Rightist and leftist philosophic/social views differ in approach and solution. Norms, quality, and selectivity are slogans of the Right. Equality, justice, and inclusion are the watchwords of the Left. With a traditional view of society currently ascendant, liberals must meet the challenge. For the sake of equity all must be educated in core subjects, using varied approaches, for a productive, competent citizenry. For those who can produce at a higher level in the arts, humanities, or science, teachers, resources, and standards must nurture, guide, and challenge. Excellence, as a standard open to continual revision and assessment, thus emerges as a goal for all.     

十四酸、十六酸的热容和熔化焓

用精密自动绝热量热计测定了两种分析纯级脂肪酸十四酸和十六酸在80～370K温区的热容,获得固液熔化相变的热力基础数据:熔点分别为326.998K和335.934K,熔化焓分别为45.876kJmol~(-1)和49.065kJmol~(-1),熔化熵分别为104.5JK~(-1)mol~(-1)和146.4JK~(-1)mol~(-1)。     

Why braille reading is important and how to study it / Por qué es importante la lectura en braille y cómo estudiarla

Despite its relevance in theoretical and practical terms, braille reading has received little attention from researchers. Awareness of the pros and cons of the different procedures used to examine braille reading is needed to facilitate the realization of systematic studies and to improve teaching methods in braille reading. This study provides a critical examination of braille reading methods and highlights key points for future studies on tactile reading.