Investigation of iodine concentration in salt,water and soil along the coast of Zhejiang,China

Objective: We aim to describe the environment iodine concentration in salt, water and soil along Zhejiang Province coast in the China foreland. It will be helpful for us to judge whether this area is insufficient in iodine and universal iodized salt is necessary or not. Methods: We collected iodized salt samples, drinking water samples (tap water in the towns, and well water or spring water in the villages), water samples from different sources (ditches, lakes, rivers) and soil samples through random sampling in June, 2005. Salt, water and soil iodine was detected by arsenic-cerium redox method. Statistical analysis was expressed as mean±SEMby Windows SPSS 13.0. Results: (1) The iodine concentration in salt was 27.9±4.33 mg/kg (n=108). (2) Seventy-five water samples were collected. The water iodine value was 0.6～84.8 μg/L (mean of 11.66 μg/L). The watershed along the Qiantang River has significantly higher iodine content than the water in Lin'an in mountain area (P＜0.01). The iodine content and mean iodine content of tap water, well or spring water and natural water sources were 4.30±2.43 μg/L (n=34), 23.59±27.74 μg/L (n=19)and 12.72±10.72 μg/L (n=22) respectively. This indicated that among environmental water sources, the ditch iodine content was the highest with river water iodine being the lowest (P＜0.01). (3) Soil iodine value was 0.11～2.93 mg/kg (mean of 1.32 mg/kg).Though there was no statistical difference of soil iodine in different districts (P=0.131), soil iodine content correlated positively with water iodine content. Conclusion: Iodine concentration in salt accords with national policy of adding iodine in salt. Foreland has more iodine in water than mountain area. The data reflected that water and soil iodine in foreland area was not high, which suggests universal iodized salt should be necessary. Environment iodine has relatively close association with pollution.     

职业教育的本质属性与发展模式选择

进入新世纪，职业教育确立了以服务为宗旨、以就业为导向的发展思路，提出了职业教育办学思想要实现三个转变：一是从计划培养向市场驱动转变；二是从政府直接管理向宏观引导转变；三是从专业学科为本位向职业岗位和就业为本位转变。其最终目的是要求职业教育建立一条有别于普通教育的发展模式。     

休闲英语（64）

编者语：美国是一个热爱体育的民族。体育运动也影响着其英语表达。今天。我们就来看看日常生活中和体育运动相关的一些表达。尤其是和球类相关的表达。     

Analysis of the Tragic Female Images in Eugene O'Neill's Plays

Ruth and Mary are two heroines in Eugene O’Neill’s plays Beyond the Horizon, and Long Day’s Journey into Night. They have some similarities: when they are young, they are beautiful, native and full of hope towards the future life, but both make wrong choices; in the following years, both suffer a lot from these wrong choices, and feel regretful. This paper tries to explore these two tragic female images.     

基于GIS的中小学应急救援指挥系统的设计

以石家庄市为例,以GIS为平台,结合数据库系统,研究开发了中小学应急救援指挥系统.分析了此系统设计的原则、系统架构及特色、系统功能模块和系统的数据库设计,此系统的使用有利于在突发状态下进行通讯指挥,最大程度地预防和减小灾害造成的损失.     

张维屏与江西

张维屏多次赴京考试,并在江西担任过地方官,与江西结下不解之缘,写下不少与江西有关的诗篇。     

Attributions and Attitudes of Mothers and Fathers in China

OBJECTIVE: The present study examined mothers' and fathers' attributions and attitudes related to parenting in China. DESIGN: Interviews were conducted with 241 pairs of parents to obtain maternal and paternal reports of attributions regarding successes and failures in parent-child interactions and on progressive versus authoritarian attitudes about parenting. RESULTS: Mothers' mean levels of attributions and attitudes did not differ significantly from fathers' mean levels of attributions and attitudes. Significant correlations were found between mothers' and fathers' attributions regarding uncontrollable success, authoritarian attitudes, and modernity of attitudes. CONCLUSIONS: Supporting the cultural evolutionary view that drastic social changes bring about non-conforming and individualistic behavioral tendencies, these findings rectify and expand the existing literature portraying Chinese parenting as uniformly Confucian and traditional.     

煤炭企业经理人胜任力模糊综合层次评判模型的构建与应用

运用胜任力测评理论设计煤炭企业经理人胜任力测评指标体系,并使用模糊综合层次评判方法构建煤炭企业经理人胜任力的评判模型。根据应用实例的评判结果,得到影响胜任力高低的主导因素,为煤炭企业选拔高绩效的企业经理人提供一定的决策依据。     

THE DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPETENCE SCALE FOR LEARNING SCIENCE: INQUIRY AND COMMUNICATION

The objective of this study was to develop an instrument to measure school students’ competence in learning science as part of a large research project in Taiwan. The instrument consisted of 29 self-report, Likert-type items divided into 2 scales: Competence in Scientific Inquiry and Competence in Communication. The Competence in Scientific Inquiry scale contained 4 subscales: presenting questions and hypothesis, planning, experimenting and data gathering, and data analyzing, interpreting, and concluding. The Competence in Communication scale contained 4 subscales: expressing, evaluating, responding, and negotiating. Students were recruited randomly from primary, junior, and senior high schools in different regions of Taiwan to validate the instrument and establish its reliability and validity. The results of the analyses indicate that the instrument, scales, and subscales have reasonable internal consistency; that the theoretical structure was supported by empirical data; and that the subscales are homogeneous. These results indicate that it is an appropriate tool for measuring students’ competence in learning science. Implications and suggestions for further studies are included.     

Dynamics of rate of returns for postgraduate education in Taiwan: the impact of higher education expansion

This paper analyzes the dynamics of rate of returns for postgraduate education and the determinants of wage premiums for postgraduate labor, especially for the impact of higher education expansions, in terms of quantity and quality, since the late 1990s in Taiwan. Utilizing quasi-panel data over the 1990–2004 period and employing the double fixed effect model, the empirical results first confirm the existence of wage premiums for workers with postgraduate degrees. However, the analysis on the dynamics of wage premiums finds that it ranged from only 1.40 to 11.67% and decreased sharply in 2004, indicating that the pecuniary reward for postgraduate qualification seems not to be as high as expected. Along with the rapid expansion of higher education, the concern about its negative impact on rate of returns to education is witnessed in this study. The sharp increase in the supply of postgraduate labors appears to have a negative impact on an individual’s wage premium. Similarly, a decline in the postgraduate labor quality along with higher education expansion has contributed to a negative wage effect.