Activity of Prefrontal Cortex in Teachers and Students during Teaching of an Insight Problem

Metacognitive functions are important for both teachers and students to facilitate teaching and learning. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a proven role in metacognition. As a pilot study, we evaluated the PFC activity of teachers and students using near‐infrared spectroscopy devices to explore the neural mechanism of PFC underlying metacognitive function during teaching and problem‐solving processes. In 14 student‐teacher pairs, participants in the teacher role gave hints via a tablet screen to facilitate solving of a tangram puzzle task by participants in the student role. The PFC activity of teachers increased after giving hints but not while planning hints. The PFC activity of students increased upon task solving after receiving hints. The PFC of teachers might play a metacognitive role in monitoring their own teaching results. The PFC activity of students might be related to the creativity process after gaining insights, as well as metacognitive process for monitoring their own behavior.     

Next Steps for Mind,Brain, and Education: Strengthening Early‐Career Development

An increasing number of scholars are being trained in the field of mind, brain, and education (MBE), yet discussions of trainees' needs and how to meet them are rare. We, the inaugural International Mind, Brain, and Education Society (IMBES) Trainee Board, identify three broad needs of MBE trainees: guidance and support, greater access to and connections among the MBE community, and professional development. We report a first step to address these needs: a daylong trainee conference, which included sessions to foster connections among trainees, provide mentorship from MBE leaders, and provide knowledge and skill building for careers. Attendees' survey results suggest the conference successfully supported trainees' development. As substantial trainee needs remain, we offer specific ways that principal investigators, institutions, funding agencies, future IMBES trainee boards, and the MBE community can further address trainees' needs to support early‐career development and strengthen the MBE field generally.     

Success in Consulting

Do you regularly reflect on the value you bring to your client? The act of reflection is something experienced consultants, both internal and external, consistently do in their practice. This article examines the ways in which Certified Performance Technologists (CPTs) define and recognize the success of their efforts, but most importantly, how they learn from engagements that do not always end with the desired outcome. You will hear from CPTs across several industries in their own words about what strategies they have employed to continue to improve their skill sets.     

Instructional Design Students’ Design Judgment in Action

This case study examines the design practices of instructional design (ID) students while working on a realistic design project (Joel, 1987) to explore whether ID students make design judgments; how, when, and where they are making them; and what kinds of judgments they make during a realistic instructional design process. The perspective taken in this study is that design judgments comprise multiple, complex types and are not confined to moments of overt decision making (Nelson & Stolterman, 2012). In this small‐scale case study, a group of students was observed in the process of designing instruction within a semester. The findings of the study suggest that these ID students continuously made design judgments of many kinds throughout the design process.     

社会环境因素对科技评价的影响

科学技术评价受到经济体制、国家目标、法制化进程、创新文化、知识产权文化以及科技自身发展状况等诸多社会环境因素的影响。本文分析了这些因素对科技评价的影响机制,从而为进一步发挥科技评价在推动科技发展和优化资源配置中的作用提供参考和依据。     

新教育理念下的语文"合作学习"模式的建构

数学是由概念与命题等内容组成的知识体系,是一门以抽象思维为主的学科,而概念又是这种思维的语言。因此,概念教学是中学数学中至关重要的一项内容,是基础知识和基本技能教学的核心。正确理解概念是学好数学的基础,学好概念是学好数学最重要的一环。一些学生数学之所以差,概念不清往往是最直接的原因,特别是普通中学的学生,数学素养差的关键是在对数学概念的理解、应用和转化等方面的差异。因此抓好概念教学是提高中学数学教学质量的带有根本性意义的一环。教学过程中如果能够充分考虑到这一因素,抓住概念教学的契机,以提高大多数学生的数学素养是完全可以做到的,同时,数学素养的提高也为学生的各项能力和素质的培养提供了有利条件以及必要保障。     

信息化创新教学高端访谈

教育信息化浪潮中,高等教育改革蓬勃发展,国家出台了各种利好政策;在这种大背景下,涌现出一批教育改革"冲浪人",他们在教学一线,亲身实践最新的智慧教学、混合式教学.在本篇学术访谈中,几位教育专家以各自在智慧教学领域中的出色成果为抓手,探讨时下高等教育信息化的热点问题:如何打造国家级精品慕课?如何建设线上线下混合式一流课程?如何将人工智能应用在教学之中?智慧教学环境中教师身份如何转变?每位专家结合实际教学案例分析问题并给出具体策略建议,希望对正在进行教育改革探索的老师们更多启发.     

黄淮海地区产业与用地空间集聚发展战略模式探讨

本文利用基尼系数方法研究黄淮海地区经济发展要素与产出的空间集聚状况,并依据不均衡发展理论构建其产业与用地空间集聚发展战略模式。研究结果表明,相对黄淮海地区产业发展经济投入和产出而言,该地区人口和建设用地的空间分布则表现出比较分散性;由于土地具有固定性和基础承载属性,土地空间配置的分散性必然导致其它生产要素不能按照最优方式进行配置,进而导致区域产业发展的低效性。鉴于国外发展经验和黄淮海地区经济发展的实际需要,该区域非农经济建设进入大力发展大都市圈与都市带相结合的网状聚集发展阶段。依据点轴发展理论及黄淮海地区各市非农社会经济建设竞争力和主要交通状况分析,区域非农产业和用地在空间上呈现出"两横三纵四心"集聚发展模式,其它地区为农业生产和农地生态保护集聚发展区。本文构建黄淮海地区农业和非农产业空间集聚发展战略模式的实质就是为了加强区域内部地区间农业生产和非农经济建设的分工与协作,这样不仅有利于优化区域土地利用布局,提高土地利用效率和区域经济发展的市场综合竞争能力,而且还有助于减少经济建设对农业生产的不良影响和缓解当前土地供求矛盾。