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891.
Anthony E. Boardman Linda Darling-Hammond Stephen P. Mullin 《Economics of Education Review》1982,2(2):127-155
This article develops a general framework for the analysis of education finance reforms. Most of the recent literature concentrates o on the demands and ignores the costs of educational services. Proposed reforms that account for different costs assume that the supply of all educational inputs are infinitely price elastic. The article presents a model for the supply of different types of teachers and an optimization model of the school district which maximizes a general welfare function subject to production function and budget constraints. Derived demand equations are obtained under the assumptions of (1) perfect competition, (2) monopsony, and (3) monopsony plus endogenous property tax rates. The equations are simplified and estimated using data from Pennsylvania school districts. A major policy implication for school finance reform is that present schemes for state equalization aid may be fundamentally flawed because they do not properly account for the effects of demand shifts (with upward sloping supply curves) on education input prices. 相似文献
892.
893.
894.
895.
Gordon E Finley 《Int J Intercult Relat》1980,4(1):5-14
The 5th Annual Conference of the Society for Intercultural Education, Training and Research (SIETAR), in Mexico City, was evaluated using both scaled and open-ended questions. Analysis of the scaled responses suggested that the participants found the conference to be personally enjoyable, professionally worthwhile, well organized and intellectually stimulating. Overall, the conference was rated very favorably. On the other hand, however, negative evaluations were received regarding the quality of the presentations, the travel agent, the translations and direct benefits in the areas of intercultural training and research. Demographic analyses indicated that North Americans, researchers and university and government people rated the conference most favorably. Seven recommendations for future conferences were derived from the summarized open-ended responses. 相似文献
896.
Gordon Wells 《Changing English: An International Journal of English Teaching》2020,27(1):109-117
ABSTRACTDivergent views on the relative value or status of spoken and written language skills may contribute to a disconnect between lay community members and language professionals, activists, or academics, and conflicted approaches to language support, teaching and/or revitalisation. Taking the bilingual Outer Hebrides as a case study, an online language capture and curation project is described which attempts to engage with these issues, acknowledging an important place for Reading Aloud in the range of strategies employed. 相似文献
897.
Conclusion Even though the collaboration between the state university and the government research center ended inconclusively, the authors
examined the collaboration with an attempt to provide sound guidance for future collaboration projects. Based upon the findings
above, many of the challenges that the technology collaboration faced become clearer. A primary problem was an unclear definition
regarding the type of collaboration that was being developed. Goals and project timelines were not agreed upon or clearly
communicated between all participants. Many graduate students chose to contribute to the project because it appeared to be
an attempt to engage teachers and researchers in working collaboratively to design and develop a usable and engaging product
for the classroom. This type of collaboration, however, requires authentic participation by all parties. As the project progressed,
many teachers felt that they had increasingly limited input into the design of the multimedia modules. For example, teachers
raised many concerns related to interface design and lesson content, but later learned that these items were non-negotiable.
Teachers began to feel as though their role was more of an apprentice or an intern learning from rather than with the research
center.
Lack of clarity regarding roles conspired with a host of issues related to partnership development to obstruct the overall
product from being completed. As a result, it is impossible to gauge whether the modules designed via the partnership will
have a greater impact on student learning than those created solely by the research center. Furthermore, it is difficult to
determine whether participating teacher practices changed. None of them had the opportunity to pilot test the modules within
their classrooms and a very small percentage completed all quarters of participation. The greatest challenges of the project
related to whether or not the needs of the two institutions involved and of the graduate students were fulfilled.
The technology collaboration was an honest attempt to involve teachers in the development of science curriculum and technology
on a national scale. There exists great potential in linking the skills of teachers with the resources available through the
research center and the authors were personally invested in getting involved in the collaboration. Critical to the success
of such collaborations is effectively utilizing the skills of all participants, and essential to the measure of its success
is the overall ability of the project to meet stakeholders’ needs. 相似文献
898.
Helena J. V. Rutherford Angela N. Maupin Nicole Landi Marc N. Potenza Linda C. Mayes 《Parenting, science and practice》2017,17(1):1-10
Objective. Smoking has a detrimental impact on maternal physical health and exposes children to secondhand smoke, but the extent to which it affects maternal brain and behavior is not well-known and may have implications for parent and child development. We examined how current smoking status might relate to maternal neural responses to infant cues using event-related potentials. Design. Current smoking (n = 35) and non-smoking (n = 35) mothers viewed photographs of emotional infant faces while electroencephalography was simultaneously recorded. Results. The latency of the face-specific N170 event-related potential component was delayed in smoking mothers compared to non-smoking mothers, and the P300 was differentiated by smoking status. Conclusions. Postpartum smoking is associated with event-related potential measures that may reflect modulation of infant face perception in motherhood. 相似文献
899.
Linda Stepulevage 《Gender and education》2001,13(3):325-338
This article is concerned with gender and technology relations in education. More specifically, it focuses on assumptions made about girls' and young women's developing identity within the context of the computing and/or technology classroom in primary and secondary schools. The article argues that we must explore what is invisible yet taken for granted in social-constructionist analyses of gender-technology relations: that these relations are situated within heterosexual social norms. Research studies in computing and technology classrooms are considered in detail in order to explore questions concerned with girls' constructed 'incompetence'. The article concludes that there needs to be an analysis that considers the interrelationship between computing and gender and heterosexuality in the classroom to help broaden our understanding of how girls and women might develop knowledge and skills in locations that are gendered masculine. 相似文献
900.