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991.
The perspective of situated learning offers a theoretical framework for understanding the dialectical relations between the social and the individual dimensions of classroom microculture. The purpose of this article is to show how sociomathematical norms constructed during whole-class discussions provide a reference for the elaboration of mathematical practices and for the interactive regulation of learning. Qualitative data regarding the transition from additive to multiplicative problem solving were collected in two third-grade classrooms during an entire school year. The sociomathematical norms constructed in the two classrooms were identified and compared. An in-depth analysis focusing on two interactive episodes in one classroom showed the forms of regulation of learning that emerged in relation to the norm of “effectiveness”. Both episodes demonstrated how the processes of regulation resulting from teacher–student interactions incorporated and orchestrated regulations resulting from peer interactions and thereby contributed to the progression of the students’ problem-solving procedures. 相似文献
992.
In recent years, interactive white boards (IWBs) have been introduced into many primary classrooms in England. This enquiry examines the ways in which they are being used in the context of literacy teaching, in six primary classrooms in the south‐west. Drawing on the perspectives of teachers and pupils, this report reflects on the impact of IWB use on the teaching and learning of literacy. It concludes that, while IWB use appears to have some general effects, such as supporting a more cross‐curricular approach to literacy and raising the level of student engagement, their use is not identical in all classrooms. In the classrooms studied, IWBs are used in various ways, according to teachers' technical expertise and experience. To help more teachers towards effective use of the IWB, it is suggested that, rather than the ‘top‐down’ commercial or professional models of transmission training, teachers need a ‘bottom‐up’ approach, that is more practitioner focused. 相似文献
993.
994.
Writing performance for a large number of adolescents, with and without learning disabilities (LD), in the United States is below the level required for success in college and in the world of work. Despite the importance of writing and students' with LD documented difficulties in this academic domain, writing intervention research for adolescents with LD is not as well established as research in other domains, such as reading. Programs of research in writing interventions for adolescents with LD, nevertheless, have provided frameworks for effective instruction for these students. Adapting criteria from Graham and Perin's (2007c) Writing Next report, 40 studies across six programs of research were located for our literature review in writing instruction for adolescents with LD. Based on the findings of these studies, instruction within two levels of support for adolescents with LD are recommended. 相似文献
995.
Nicole M. McNeil David H. Uttal Linda Jarvin Robert J. Sternberg 《Learning and Instruction》2009,19(2):171-184
How do concrete objects that cue real-world knowledge affect students' performance on mathematics word problems? In Experiment 1, fourth- and sixth-grade students (N = 229) solved word problems involving money. Students in the experimental condition were given bills and coins to help them solve the problems, and students in the control condition were not. Students in the experimental condition solved fewer problems correctly. Experiment 2 tested whether this effect was due to the perceptually rich nature of the materials. Fifth-grade students (N = 79) were given: perceptually rich bills and coins, bland bills and coins, or no bills and coins. Students in the perceptually rich condition made the most errors; however, their errors were least likely to be conceptual errors. Results suggest that the use of perceptually rich concrete objects conveys both advantages and disadvantages in children's performance in school mathematics. 相似文献
996.
Joy W. Whitenack Nancy Knipping Sue Novinger Linda Coutts Scott Standifer 《Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education》2000,3(2):101-123
This article reports findings from a five-day summer institute conducted with 27 practicing primary-grade teachers. The institute
was part of a year-long professional development project that supported teachers' thinking about children's arithmetical understanding.
From Quicktime movies that contained excerpts of six children's interviews, pairs of teachers developed mini-cases about the
children's arithmetical understanding. At the end of the institute, the teachers presented their mini-case studies to the
group. Teachers developed two types of hypotheses: hypotheses about children's thinking and hypotheses about what it means
for children to know and do mathematics. After providing examples to clarify the two types of hypotheses, we address the challenges
we faced in developing multimedia inquiry-based environments that facilitated teachers' thinking about children's arithmetical
thinking.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
997.
Gregory J. Cizek Linda Crocker David A. Frisbie William A. Mehrens Richard J. Stiggins 《Educational Measurement》2006,25(1):23-32
The authors describe the significant contributions of Robert Ebel to educational measurement theory and its applications. A biographical sketch details Ebel's roots and professional résumé. His influence on classroom assessment views and procedures are explored. Classic publications associated with validity, reliability, and score interpretation are described in terms of their contributions to the field and their relevance to current practice. An analysis of the diversity of Ebel's contributions over his career projects a model of "psychometric statesman" for contemporary measurement specialists to emulate. 相似文献
998.
This study compared readability levels for PR releases used and not used by newspapers to determine if they differ in reading difficulty. Flesch scores and other readability measures were calculated. Releases used were easier to read. However, releases with longer paragraphs were more acceptable with shorter paragraphs. 相似文献
999.
1000.