香港在建设粤港澳大湾区国际科技创新中心中的作用

建设粤港澳大湾区(以下简称"大湾区")国际科技创新中心,需要明确香港角色,并促使其更好地发挥作用。香港在4个方面具有独特优势:(1)高水平大学集群与自由的学术氛围,培育出大量创新人才;(2)基础研究优势,并在与大湾区其他城市的互动中促进技术创新;(3)一流的现代服务业,可为企业发展提供法律、金融等方面的支撑;(4)全球视野和良好国际形象,提升大湾区国际化水平。但同时,香港也在产业发展、创新政策实施和创业成本等方面有不少教训。善用"一国两制",加强两地互动,既有助于香港在已有的良好基础上探索形成新的、更加符合科技创新具体要求的优势领域,实现自身突破,也有利于贡献独特智慧,辐射大湾区建设,并推动我国科技体制改革,促进创新事业发展。     

A Study of Laterality Characteristics of Retarded Readers and Reading Achievers

Two field observation studies conducted with American and Chinese students, aged 8 to 11, were used to examine developmental and cultural patterns in academic risk-taking (i.e., student selection of academic achievement tasks varying in difficulty) and to formulate hypotheses pertinent to this phenomenon. Data led to the following tentative conclusions: (a) Sex differences in academic risk-taking and failure tolerance are trivial. (b) Failure tolerance decreases with development. (c) Academic risk-taking is low relative to the theoretically optimum risk level of .50. (d) Developmental patterns in academic risk-taking vary with situational factors. (e) Academic risk-taking varies with content. (f) Academic risk-taking tends to be higher for American students than for Chinese students and higher for Chinese students from industrial settings in contrast to government-employment settings. Three hypotheses were formulated to explain the field observations: the variable payoff hypothesis, the accuracy-difficulty judgment hypothesis, and the external constraint hypothesis.     

The effectiveness of the use of learning support assistants in improving the mathematics achievement of low achieving pupils in primary school

The use of learning support assistants in schools has become increasingly common in England, partly as a result of government support for this strategy. One suggested advantage of the deployment of learning support assistants is to provide additional support to low achieving pupils. However, so far research on the effects of this strategy is very limited. In this study the effect of using trained learning support assistants to help pupils underachieving in mathematics is examined using a quasi-experimental design whereby pupils receiving support were matched to those not receiving support on prior achievement and pupil background factors.     

Teaching and learning with ICT within the subject culture of secondary school science

This paper reports some of the findings from the science subject design initiative team in the ESRC Interactive Education Project at the University of Bristol. The subject culture of secondary school science, characterised by a content‐laden curriculum and assessment, but also with a tradition and requirement for practical work, is briefly described to give a picture of the environment in which the use of ICT was planned. Six science teachers, working in UK comprehensive schools, with between 2 and 18 years experience in the classroom planned subject design initiatives (SDI) in which practical work was simulated by software. Team discussions and individual interviews following the SDIs are summarised and early conclusions presented about the resulting shift in pedagogic approach and subject culture.     

Students ‘at‐risk’ policy: competing social and economic discourses

Within a context of global reform agendas that promote economic ideologies in education the discourses surrounding ‘school failure’ have shifted from ‘individual risk’ to ‘a nation at‐risk’. Enhancing the quality of schooling through improving educational outcomes and standards for all, and thereby reducing ‘school failure,’ is simultaneously constructed as enhancing both social justice and a nation’s economic advantage in the global marketplace. Within this broader context, this research explores the complexity of issues related to policy for students at educational risk through an analysis of the Education Department of Western Australia’s ‘Making the Difference: Students at Educational Risk Policy.’ This research adopted a theoretical framework of a ‘policy cycle’ (that allowed for an exploration of power relations within the policy process. Primarily, consideration is given to the competing social and economic discourses found within the policy text and subsequent tensions reflected and retracted throughout the policy process from macro (system), to meso (district) and finally to micro levels within the schools and classrooms.     

THE INTEGRATION OF RESEARCH,EDUCATION, AND PRACTICE IN GERONTOLOGY: SOCIAL WORK EDUCATION AT THE UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND

This article focuses on the development of education relating to aging in a specific professional education program: social work at the University of Queensland. A brief outline of features of the aged population and services for the aged in Queensland, an Australian state, is given as a background for describing one approach to gerontology education with the University of Queensland social work faculty. The challenges and tasks of curriculum development in relation to gerontology in a generic undergraduate course are described. Specific training in gerontology at a theoretical and practical level is provided through field practicums in an institution for the aged and proposals to extend this to a community‐based practice research program for the aged are outlined. To give a combined approach to social work, current research programs relating to this program — social policy and aging — are described.     

How do Teachers Teach Memory Skill?

Research on teachers' efforts to influence the ways in which children approach memory tasks and understand and regulate their own memory processes has been limited, possibly because of the restrictive views of memory held by cognitive theories that have previously guided research efforts. A more complex perspective on the memory skills that develop over the elementary school years has been elaborated by developmental psychologists and information-processing theorists, but their work has had limited influence on either teacher-training practices or research in teaching. In order to begin to apply this newer perspective to an understanding of classroom teaching processes, research needs to consider teacher practices and expectations for children's learning and memory. A program of research that has been concerned with how teachers teach memory and metacognitive skills and with teachers' views of memory processes is summarized in this article, and implications for teacher training are discussed.     

Differential learning outcomes in an instructional simulation: Exploring the relationship between designated role and perceived learning outcome

One set of instructional strategies which has not been examined vis‐a‐vis learning outcome is instructional simulations. The present study is an exploratory study designed to examine the possible relationship between designated roles and learning outcome. It was designed to explore the possibility that if differential learning outcomes existed they might be related to the designated role of the learner in the interactive simulation. The study found that students cast in the roles of managers in the SIMCORP SIMULATION reported different perceptions about learning than did students cast in the roles of workers.