Assessing metacognitive knowledge in 3–5 year olds: the development of a metacognitive knowledge interview (McKI)

Historically, early cognitive skills have been underestimated, largely as a result of the ways these competencies have been measured, which is particularly pervasive in the area of metacognition. Only recently have researchers begun to detect evidence of contextualized metacognition in 3–5 year old preschool children through the use of observational assessment tools (e.g., Whitebread et al. J Cogn Educ Psychol 3:433-455, 2007, Metacognition Learn 4:63-85, 2009). While these observational methods are a more sensitive way to capture metacognition in young children, their exclusive use may not result in a comprehensive depiction of early metacognitive competency. In the current study, we describe the development of a metacognitive knowledge interview (McKI) and what it reveals about metacognitive processes in 43 3–5 year olds (including investigating face validity). Findings indicate that the McKI (a) is a developmentally appropriate measure for 3–5 year olds, (b) is capable of eliciting articulated metacognitive knowledge when engaging in a contextualized problem-solving task, (c) shows the expected developmental trend (i.e., older children perform at a higher level and scores increased over the course of a school year), and (d) provides sufficient variation across children. Implications for future research are discussed, including the importance of using multiple measurement tools when studying early metacognitive development.     

Sliding Versus Deciding: A Theme Analysis of Deciding Conversations of Non-Engaged Cohabiting Couples

The goal of the study was to examine conversations about living together between cohabiting partners. Survey responses of 103 non-engaged cohabiting couples (206 individuals) were assessed using theme analysis procedures. Results show that 84% of the sample did have a conversation about the transition prior to moving in together. The conversations ranged from relational and logistical issues to justifications for why cohabitation was the right choice. The theme analysis also revealed that for some couples, the decision to cohabit was dependent on having a conversation, while for others the conversation seemed to occur after the decision had been made.     

Gladstone's training as a speaker

A neo‐Aristotelian critique that corn‐pares the means of persuasion Nixon used with the inventory given in the Rhetoric reveals that he exploited premises of prediction and value likely to be held by members of his target audience and set them in a structure and a framework of states of feeling favorable to acceptance of Vietnamization. Neo‐Aristotelianism limits a critic in a desirable way from‐ making further judgments.     

Science Teacher Beliefs and Classroom Practice Related to Constructivism in Different School Settings

Science teacher beliefs and classroom practice related to constructivism and factors that may influence classroom practice were examined in this cross-case study. Data from four science teachers in two schools included interviews, demographic questionnaire, Classroom Learning Environment Survey (preferred/perceived), and classroom observations and documents. Using an inductive analytic approach, results suggested that the teachers embraced constructivism, but classroom observations did not confirm implementation of these beliefs for three of the four teachers. The most preferred constructivist components were personal relevance and student negotiation; the most perceived component was critical voice. Shared control was the least preferred, least perceived, and least observed constructivist component. School type, grade, student behavior/ability, curriculum/standardized testing, and parental involvement may influence classroom practice.     

Coming home-1978 annual meeting in chicago

Chicago is the setting for the 1978 MLA Annual Meeting. The city offers MLA members a varied selection of activities. Recommendations are made for viewing highlights of the "Windy City."     

雪撬犬的动力

雪橇竞赛犬的驾驶者一直以来遵循一项基本的长途赛准则：跑六个小时,休息六个小时。然而最近,重大赛事如艾迪塔罗德狗拉雪橇赛的赢家,可以一口气跑上14个小时,大大超出人们认为的极限。雪橇犬变得更加强壮,也跑的更长。对此,人们很显然需要战略上的反思和医学上的重新评估。     

Informationen/Meinungen

Ohne ZusammenfassungZiel dieser Rubrik ist die Förderung der informellen fachlichen Kommunikation durch Nachrichten, Kurzberichte, Interviews und Kommentare zu aktuellen fachlichen Themen. Auch Leserbriefe, die sich mit bereits veröffentlichten Beiträgen befassen, können hier veröffentlicht werden. Die Betreuung der Rubrik obliegt den Hauptherausgebern.     

Distribution of lower extremity work during clean variations performed with different effort

The purpose of this research was to investigate how lower extremity work was distributed during the pull of cleans performed lifting the barbell to the minimum height required to receive it in a full squat (minimal height clean); or with maximum effort to elevate the barbell as high as possible and receiving it in either a full (maximal effort clean) or partial (power clean) squat. Eight weightlifters screened for proficient technique performed these clean variations at 80% of one repetition maximum. Work performed on the barbell and by the lower extremity net joint moments (NJM) was computed from marker trajectories and ground reaction forces. Total barbell work, lower extremity NJM work, knee extensor work, and knee joint excursion during the second pull was lower in the minimal height clean than the maximal effort and power cleans (P < 0.05). This research demonstrates that more knee extensor work is performed in the second pull of maximal effort and power cleans compared to the minimal height clean. The larger knee extensor work performed is due to larger knee joint excursion during the second pull of the maximal effort and power cleans, but not larger knee extensor NJM.