山羊抗小鹅瘟血清应用及制备

小鹅瘟在国内已广泛流行,雏鹅的预防和治疗以鹅抗小鹅瘟血清较为理想,但若用山羊抗小鹅瘟血清,则可获得大量的血清及长时间采血且降低成本,经笔者研制的山羊抗血清具琼扩试验效价达1:16;保护试验保护率达80—100%小范围区域试验保护率达95%。     

When Parents Ask ... about Preterm Birth, Breastfeeding Success, Breast Cancer, or Waterbirth

IN THIS COLUMN, THE AUTHOR REVIEWS RESEARCH ON FOUR SEPARATE TOPICS: the prevention of preterm birth, the effect of epidurals on breastfeeding success, the possible protective effect of lactation on breast cancer, and laboring in water. In two separate studies-a multisite study in the United States and a second study from Brazil-natural progesterone was shown to significantly reduce the incidence of preterm birth in women at high risk. A third study conducted in the United Kingdom examined the effect of clindamycin on preventing infection that can lead to preterm birth. A group of studies related to lactation found that early breastfeeding was more successful in women who did not have epidural anesthesia. In a Korean study, the lifetime duration of breastfeeding was associated with a significant reduction in breast cancer. Concerning waterbirth, Swiss researchers found that, when a woman labored in water, she regulated both water temperature and bathing duration to ensure that her body temperature and that of the fetus remained within a normal physiological range.     

Misoprostol-is more research needed?

Misoprostol (Cytotec) is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue that was designed for the prevention and treatment of peptic ulcer associated with the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In obstetrics, misoprostol has been administered for induction of first and second trimester abortion, for induction of labor in the third trimester, and to control postpartum hemorrhage. None of these uses has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Nevertheless, misoprostol is widely used in the United States and throughout the world. Advantages are cited as reduced rate of cesareans, shorter time from induction to birth and, particularly in developing countries, lower cost, oral, vaginal or rectal administration, and stability without refrigeration. Disadvantages are uterine hyperstimulation and, in rare instances, uterine rupture and death. Mothers should be informed of both the risks and the possible benefits of misoprostol. Further research with large samples is necessary to determine whether the risks outweigh any possible benefits.     

Coding of feature and no-feature events by pigeons performing a delayed conditional discrimination

Pigeons’ performance of a delayed conditional discrimination with presence versus absence of conditional (sample) stimuli was examined in two experiments. The pigeons showed steeper retention functions with feature (i.e., presence) samples (either food or yellow) than with no-feature (i.e., absence) samples (either no food or no yellow). These results suggest that pigeons code features and respond only by default to test stimuli (comparisons) associated with no features. In contrast, the overall superiority of performance on no-feature-sample trials compared with feature-sample trials in both the food/no-food- and yellow/no-yellow-sample tasks was reversed at a 0-sec delay in the food/no-food-sample group, but not in the yellow/non-yellow-sample group. This difference in results with hedonic versus nonhedonic samples suggests that the crossover in delay performance on food/no-food-sample trials is produced by the formation of backward associations between the food-associated comparison stimulus and the food sample.     

刍议高校学风建设——西南联大办学成就启示

加强高校的学风建设是高校改革和发展的一个永恒主题。西南联大办学成就给我们的启示是:当代高校学风建设必须充分发挥学生在学风建设中的主体作用;充分发挥教师在学风建设中的主导作用;完善规章制度,加强教学管理;加强校园文化生活建设,优化育人环境。     

提高计算机上机实验效果的探索

本文主要讨论了影响上机实验效果的三大因素，环境因素、学生因素和教师因素。其中教师因素起主导作用，提高教师的积极性和教师的计算机应用水平至关重要，当然学生、环境因素也不可忽视，只有综合考虑它们的共同作用，才能取得良好的上机实验效果。     

一个实用的网上投票系统

我们为北仑区电信杯网页设计大赛设计了一个主页。该主页界面简单，主要是一些网页大赛优秀作品的链接，并具有在线投票功能，可以让网友参与评分。现已被北仑港网站（http://www.blport.net.cn）选用。本叙述其设计过程。     

The relative effects of pre- and postattention directing devices on learning from a “walk-through” museum exhibit

Twenty-eight seventh and eighth grade students were randomly assigned to two treatments and a control as they entered the Florida State Museum. All subjects were given set induction materials saying in effect: (1) Treatment-Study the wall panel which is part of the cave exhibit and describes the many biologic relationships and organisms in the cave at the cave entrance. Continue into the cave and study the habitat. When you exit the cave you will be given a test to see how much you learned; (2) Treatment II-Enter the cave and study that habitat. When you exit at the other end, study the wall panel which is part of the cave exit and describes the many biologic relationships and organisms in the cave. After studying this panel you will be given a test to see how much you learned; (3) Control-You will take a walk through exhibits depicting a variety of Florida Habitats and later see a film on the Habitats of Florida that are represented in the museum. Then you will be given a test to determine how much you know about one type of habitat. Both treatments and the control spent equivalent time at their tasks and were confronted with either the cave exhibit as described or the equivalent control experiences. A 25 item criterion test was designed to measure the acquisition of conceptual and factual knowledge and specific attentional factors relative to both the cave and the instructional panel. A Kr-20 indicated that this instrument had a reliability coefficient of 0.80. It was anticipated that the panel, used as an attention directing and controlling device prior to entering the cave (Treatment I) or upon exiting the cave (Treatment II), would function as a forward-shaping or backward review prompting adjunct, hence both should be significantly more effective than the control. This was confirmed (df 2,28; F 8.09) p < 0.01. It was also expected that the forward shaping panel would be more effective than the backward review panel in the tradition of inserted questions in prose research. Although the differences were in this direction, they were not significant (p≤ 0.10).     

对构建高校成人教育"双赢式"两级办学模式的探讨

高校成人教育作为高等教育的一种特殊形式，在为国家高等教育大众化进程和高校自身发展过程中，起到了相当的作用。在新形势下，高校成人教育的办学体制如何构建，成为其在国家实施人才战略过程中，能否发挥新作用的问题。本文提出坚持校与院系两级办学模式，在充分体现高等教育“高”的特色上，实现成人教育的可持续发展。     

清末台州三名彦与京师大学堂

京师大学堂的创办,开中国大学之先河,在中国近代教育史上具有划时代的意义。台州的王舟瑶、喻长霖、章(?)。三位名彦曾相继投身于京师大学堂的教育事业,他们在教学和管理上作出了应有的贡献,对京师大学堂的发展和壮大起了积极的作用。