多元文化背景下学校德育的文化应答

当前,文化的多元化越来越被人们所认同。在这种文化多元化、价值取向多元化的背景下,学校德育陷入困境。选择文化学的视角,基于多元文化发展的要求理性地反思我国学校德育的现状,根据社会发展及人自身发展的要求做出应答,有助于从新的视角为提高德育实效做出努力。     

大学文化建设应凸显素质教育

本文从大学文化建设的视角 ,在认真分析我国大学素质教育现状的基础上 ,指出基于教育创新的大学文化建设必须把推进大学素质教育贯穿始终 ,必须充分体现素质教育对人的全面发展和社会可持续发展的深远意义 ,并提出了六项加强素质教育的具体对策。     

The different faces of controlling teaching: implications of a distinction between externally and internally controlling teaching for students’ motivation in physical education

Background: In Self-Determination Theory (SDT), a well-validated macro-theory on human motivation, a distinction is made between internally controlling teaching practices (e.g. guilt-induction and shaming) and externally controlling practices (e.g. threats and punishments, commands). While both practices are said to undermine students’ motivation, they would do so through somewhat differential motivational processes. Unfortunately, the relevance of the conceptual distinction between internally and externally controlling strategies has not been examined systematically. In the context of sport and physical education (PE), most studies on controlling teaching have either measured controlling teaching in an undifferentiated way or have focused on one particular feature of controlling teaching.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide a more fine-grained picture on the differential de-motivational effects of internally and externally controlling teaching strategies in the domain of PE.

Participants: A total of 925 students with an average age of 15.80 years (±1.99) coming out of 92 classes taught by 22 different PE teachers participated in the present study.

Data analysis: Data on perceived controlling teaching style and students’ motivation were analyzed within a multilevel framework from both a variable-centered (regression analyses) and person-centered approach (cluster analyses).

Results: We found evidence for a distinction between perceived internally and externally controlling teaching. Both teaching styles were strongly related to each other (r?=?.54). At the level of zero-order correlations, both internally and externally controlling teaching related negatively to students’ intrinsic motivation and identified regulation and related positively to introjected regulation, external regulation, and amotivation. However, when both teaching styles were included simultaneously as predictors of motivation in the regression analyses, only internally controlling teaching predicted poor quality and low quantity of motivation. A cluster analysis revealed different profiles of perceived controlling teaching style, with two profiles being characterized by either high or low levels of the two types of controlling teaching and other profiles displaying elevated or reduced levels of one of the types of controlling teaching. This person-centered analysis confirmed that particularly students who perceive their PE teacher as internally controlling are likely to report poor-quality motivation.

Conclusion: Controlling teaching (and internally controlling teaching in particular) is related to maladaptive motivational outcomes. As such, it can be advised to PE-practitioners to refrain from using controlling strategies when teaching students. More research is needed to identify the conditions under which teachers’ behavior is perceived as externally and/or internally controlling.     

Quality of life perception of basketball master athletes: association with physical activity level and sports injuries

This study aimed to verify the prevalence and characteristics of sports injuries (SI) and determine the association between the physical activity level (PA) and SI with perception of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Brazilian basketball master athletes. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 410 male master athletes, between 35 and 85 years of age (mean 52.26, SD ±11.83). The HRQoL was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study – Short Form-36. The PA was evaluated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Information regarding SI was collected using the Reported Morbidity Survey. Poisson regression, as estimated by the prevalence ratio (PR), was used as a measure of the association of PA and SI with HRQoL. The majority of athletes showed a high SI prevalence (58.3%) and reported one injury (67.8%) that occurred during training (61.1%) and primarily affected a lower limb (74.6%). The adjusted regression models showed a positive association of PA with the Functional Capacity (PR = 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12–1.90) and Physical Component (PR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.03–1.70) of HRQoL. Furthermore, the SI were negatively associated with HRQoL in Functional Capacity (PR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.51–2.27), Physical Aspects (PR = 3.99, 95% CI = 3.08–5.18), Pain (PR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.26–2.16), Social Functioning (PR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.41–2.27), Emotional Aspects (PR = 4.40, 95% CI = 3.35–5.78), Mental Health domains (PR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.06–1.68), Physical Component (PR = 2.35, 95% CI = 1.90–2.90) and Mental Component (PR = 2.65, 95% CI = 2.14–3.29). These results highlighted that master athletes showed a high SI prevalence, primarily in the lower limbs. PA positively correlates with the physical HRQoL domain, whereas SI may decrease the HRQoL levels of both physical and mental domains.     

Neuromuscular and technical abilities related to age in water-polo players

Testing is one of the important tasks in any multi-step sport programme. In most ball games, coaches assess motor, physical and technical skills on a regular basis in early stages of talent identification in order to further athletes’ development. The purpose of the study was to investigate anthropometric variables and vertical jump heights as a free throw effectiveness predictor in water-polo players of different age groups. Two hundred and thirty-six young (10–18 years) male water-polo players partitioned into three age groups underwent anthropometric variables’ measures and squat- and countermovement-jump tests, and performed water-polo free throws. Anthropometric variables, vertical jump heights and throw speed – as a proxy for free throw effectiveness – resulted different over age groups. Particularly, throw speed changed from 9.28 to 13.70 m · s^?1 (+48%) from younger to older players. A multiple-regression model indicated that body height, squat-jump height and throw time together explain 52% of variance of throw speed. In conclusion, tall height, high lower limb power and throwing quickness appeared to be relevant determinants for effective free throws. Such indications can help coaches during talent identification and development processes, even by means of novel training strategies. Further research is needed over different maturity statuses.     

世俗化语境与世纪末中国文学

20世纪末，市场化世俗化已经成为当代语境，多种化观念在世纪末的化广场上肆意地狂欢，人们普遍感到一种精神上的迷失，而世纪末的中国学则沿着金钱的路标拾缀级而下，避免对历史对现实对未来的深层理性追问，放弃了守护人的精神家园的使命感，我们必须对世纪末中国学中的灰色倾向，宗教蛊惑倾向和价值失衡倾向进行反思与批判，以重建学的道德理论主义立场。     

图书馆电子信息服务中的数字版权问题

分析了图书馆信息传播与数字版权保护之间的矛盾问题,概括介绍了现有的版权法对于图书馆中的数字版权问题的立场,并对如何处理好图书馆的数字版权问题提出了几点看法.     

关于英语态度学习的心理分析

英语态度是一种学科态度，学生通过学习获得这种态度。态度学习即态度的形成和改变，英语态度的习得要经历顺从、认同、内化三个阶段，学习的条件包括：认知和情感基础、学习心向、认知失衡、知觉判断、强化、成功体验、榜样示范等内、外在条件。     

对波伏娃《第二性》的两点看法

本文客观地评价了波伏娃的《第二性》作品,提出了个人奋斗不能解决妇女问题,妇女解放不应排斥自然属性的两点看法。     

案例教学法的本质特征及其适用性分析

本文认为案例教学法是一种由培训者控制、受训者作为主体参与、围绕真实案情展开的特殊教学方法,有别于以教师为中心的传统教学方法;具有过程的开放性、信息的对称性、思维的多元性与创新性等特征,其过程的意义往往大于结果。案例教学法在培养学习者分析和处理实际问题的能力、处理复杂事件的应变能力以及团队精神等方面表现出良好的适用性。