John F. Kennedy before the greater Houston ministerial association

On a significant occasion in the 1960 presidential campaign, John F. Kennedy chose to handle the religious issue by arguing that Catholicism and Americanism were compatible.     

Teaching Styles of Community College Instructors

This study examined the teaching styles of online instructors at Florida's 28 community colleges in an effort to determine if the instructors had adopted the learner–centered model touted in the literature. The Principles of Adult Learning Scale was the primary instrument used to collect data from 292 online instructors. The study revealed that nearly half of the participants (n?=?135) scored in the middle range, with 84% (n?=?244) of the participants’ scores falling into the teacher-centered range. Although online distance education does have the potential to transition education from a teacher-centered orientation to a more student-centered orientation, continued efforts are needed to accomplish this shift.     

The Politics and Chemistry of Early Intervention

In this paper, questions are raised about the philosophy of early intervention. Empiricist-oriented diagnostic approaches to problem-solving and the viability of short sharp well-timed injections are challenged. It is argued that these approaches may be informed more by political interests geared to preserve status quo than by a genuine interest in the problems of those targeted for intervention. The need for alternative approaches is suggested and some promising strategies are discussed.     

The Decline of the Number of Interlibrary Loans by Medical Students in a Small Academic Medical Library: A Study of 18 Years of Data

The objective of this study is to provide data on one aca-demic medical library's experience with first and second year medical students’ use of interlibrary loan at the Indiana University School of Medicine–Northwest, Steven C. Beering Medical Library. The results of a study of 18 years of data show a substantial decline of interlibrary loans by medical students. Several factors, including the unique problem-based learning curriculum and the availability of online journals, which has expanded a small medical library's collection, may be responsible for the reduction of interlibrary loan. This study suggests the need for collection development librarians to understand their medical school curriculum and to invest in the most useful electronic journals for their medical students’ education needs.     

Journalism

Marvin Barrett, Rich News, Poor News: The Sixth Alfred I. duPont-Columbia University Survey of Broadcast Journalism (New York: Crowell, 1978—$12.95/6.95)

Dan Nimmo and Robert L. Savage, Candidates and Their Images: Concepts, Methods, and Findings (Santa Monica, Calif.: Goodyear Publishing, 1976—price not given, paper)

David Bother's How to Appraise and Improve Your Daily Newspaper: A Manual for Readers (Disability Rights Center, P.O. Box 19367, Washington D.C. 20036—$10.00 institutions/$5.00 individuals, paper)

David Shaw's Journalism Today: A Changing Press for a Changing America (New York: Harper's College Press (Harper & Row), 1977—$9.95/5.95)

Richard Weiner's Professional's Guide to Publicity (Richard Weiner Inc., 888 Seventh Ave., N.Y. 10019—$7.95/6.50)     

The Structure of Movement Tasks—A Means for Gaining Insight into the Nature of Problem-Solving Techniques

Catalysts within, and external to, physical education have stimulated the development of career streams other than teacher preparation. Both teacher preparation and these new career streams adhere to an ad hoc model of professional preparation. This ad hoc model is dissected to uncover its limitations. Then the contours of an alternative model of professional preparation are presented along with mechanisms for quality control.     

Helping preservice teachers realize the transformative potential of read alouds

ABSTRACT

A common instructional practice in early childhood classrooms is the picturebook read aloud. The purpose of this investigation was to help preservice teachers learn to plan picturebook read alouds with the goal of helping children interpret the visual affordances of picturebooks, including visual elements (e.g., cclor, line) and peritextual components (e.g., title page, endpapers) as they engage in collaborative meaning making. In this qualitative study, the participants were 12 preservice teachers enrolled in an undergraduate children’s literature course. The findings presented here are focused on three participants that represented a range of growth and understandings about the picturebook format as well as growth and understandings about designing read aloud lessons. Findings indicate that while participants grew in their understandings of picturebook formats and in their ability to develop read aloud lesson plans with a visual focus, the rates and ways in which this occurred varied. Furthermore, the findings also suggest that crafting read alouds with a focus on visual affordances is a complex process and deserves careful attention in teacher preparation programs.     

Using observation of teaching to improve quality: finding your way through the muddle of competing conceptions,confusion of practice and mutually exclusive intentions

This paper begins by reviewing some of the different models of third-party observation of university teaching that can be found in the literature. Having analysed these, it argues that—if ‘peer’ is taken to indicate equality of status—only one is genuinely a model of peer-observation. It proposes an alternative categorisation of third-party observations of teaching dependant on who controls the information generated by the process. A preferred six-dimensional model based on control by the person being observed of the data-flow, and other procedural aspects, is presented and explored. Evaluative comments, by university teachers who have undertaken the process, are presented to illustrate the benefits of adopting this model.