干旱风险冲击下节水灌溉技术采用的减贫效应——以甘肃省张掖市为例

推广节水灌溉技术已成为西部干旱半干旱地区政府干预贫困的主要手段,其减贫效果如何有待进一步检验。文章利用甘肃省张掖市540份农户微观数据,运用二元Logistic模型实证分析干旱风险冲击下农户节水灌溉技术采用对贫困发生率和贫困脆弱性的影响。结果发现：① 干旱冲击是农户致贫的关键因素,农业干旱损失每提高1元,会使农户贫困发生率和未来发生贫困的可能性提高16.6%和4.0%;② 节水灌溉技术显著降低农户贫困发生率和贫困脆弱性,减贫效应显著。灌溉技术采用意愿每提高1个档次,会使农户当前贫困发生和未来贫困发生的概率分别下降10.5%和2.6%;③ 节水灌溉技术采用具有降低农业干旱风险冲击对农户贫困发生率的负向影响的功能,但对减缓风险冲击的贫困脆弱性效应并不显著。     

Motivational profiles in table tennis players: Relations with performance anxiety and subjective vitality

ABSTRACT

Research has suggested the need to use a person-centred approach to examine multidimensionality of motivation. Guided by self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985), the primary aim of the present study was to examine the motivational profiles in table tennis players and their composition by gender, country, training status, and competition levels (from recreational to international). The secondary aim was to examine the differences in performance anxiety and subjective vitality across the motivational profiles. Participants were 281 table tennis players from multiple countries, mostly the U.S. and China. Hierarchical and nonhierarchical cluster analyses were conducted and showed three motivational profiles with distinct quantity and quality: “low”, “controlled”, and “self-determined”. Chi-square tests of independence demonstrated significant differences in their cluster membership by country, formal training with a coach, and competition levels, but not gender. MANCOVA results indicated differences in performance anxiety and subjective vitality across the motivational profiles, in which the controlled profile had the greatest anxiety symptoms. These differences are attributed to the quality over quantity of motivation, which have meaningful implications for table tennis coaches and sport psychology consultants to diagnose and intervene with players in order to reduce their performance anxiety and improve their well-being.     

教室用电子白板尺寸的人机因素分析

从人机工程因素分析,电子白板在目前中小学教室使用时,需要满足所有学生都能够"看得见",同时还要满足教师操作、书写"够得着"的要求.目前电子白板实际有效和书写尺寸及有效字数容量尚不能满足教学的实际要求.要使电子白板成为真正的教育装备,还需要电子白板的研究开发人员深入研究教育环境、教学特征,有针对性地设计教育教学用的电子白板.     

New insights in professional horse racing; “in-race” heart rate data,elevated fracture risk,hydration, nutritional and lifestyle analysis of elite professional jockeys

Weight-making practices have been shown to impair musculoskeletal and physiological function of jockeys. This study investigated the “in-race” heart rate (HR) responses and hydration status during competitive racing, as well as selected physiological and lifestyle parameters of professional jockeys based in Hong Kong. “In-race” HR responses and early morning hydration status of 20 male jockeys were examined in hot and moderate climactic occasions. Additionally, bone mineral density (BMD), dietary intake and lifestyle choices were assessed. Osteopenia was observed in the calcanei of jockeys (left: 0.51 ± 0.06; right: 0.46 ± 0.12 g · cm^?2). Energy and protein intake were significantly lower on a race day compared to a non-race day (P < 0.05). “In-race” HR_max values were similar to those from VO_2max laboratory tests (186 ± 14 vs. 185 ± 8 bpm). Hypohydration was observed on both racing days. (USG: 1.0247 ± 0.006 and 1.0256 ± 0.0258 mg · L^?1 for hot and moderate conditions, respectively). Sauna usage (25.5%) and food restriction (20.4%) were the most common weight-making practices. Current lifestyle choices of jockeys result in suboptimal bone health, hydration status and nutritional intake, which can significantly enhance the fracture risk. Further research should develop exercise and nutrition guidelines for optimising their skeletal health.     

加强高校体育教学 培养学生终身体育意识

大学体育对学生未来体质及体育锻炼有着深远的影响, 如何更好地使学生在大学培养起来的体育兴趣与体育锻炼习惯持续发展下去, 使每一个个体的体育锻炼向终身化、生活化和普及化发展, 已成为高校体育所面临的一个新的课题, 这也是高校体育改革与发展的关键。     

采用专项化活动性游戏进行篮球教学的实验研究

针对篮球普修课教学时数少 ,教学内容较多 ,学生入学基础差的情况 ,采用专项化活动性游戏作为主要教学内容和教学手段 ,把培养兴趣、掌握方法、重视能力、提高质量作为课程的总目标进行初步改革尝试 ,通过教学实验验证其效果及其在教学实践中的可行性。     

基于项目过程管理的数据仓库分析与建立

随着科学技术的飞速发展,科技评估已成为现代科技管理的必要手段和决策的重要依据,在现代科技项目管理中发挥越来重要的作用。通过分析反映项目执行过程实时运行数据和历史数据的数据模型和数据存储,将数据仓库理论和数据挖掘技术应用于科技项目评估,使隐含在项目计划执行过程数据中的一些特性可以被及时发现,从而对项目计划顺利执行和达到预期目标提供有强力的支持。     

综合评价与数据挖掘的比较

为将在算法上具有信息处理共性特点的数据挖掘和综合评价两个不同的信息处理手段结合应用,通过两组算法实例比较分析,考查数据挖掘和综合评价算法的共性与特性,提出利用数据挖掘方法对综合评价理论改进的算法,设计以用户为中心的基于层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP)的属性组合降维算法,将评价理论的研究思想和成熟算法应用于主动式数据挖掘.该研究对数据挖掘和综合评价两个学科的共同提高和发展、促进智能信息处理技术的发展具有一定的借鉴作用.     

赣县胡村舞龙的流变及对民俗体育文化的启示

通过对赣县胡村舞龙活动的变迁进行考察,旨在对我国民俗体育的发展提供理论上的借鉴。在城市化、现代化的进程下,本土性资源是民俗体育文化发展的基础,民俗体育组织是发展民俗体育文化的关键,意义结构的重构是民俗体育发展的根本出路,民俗体育在文化强国视阈下走现代化的道路是民俗体育发展的必然趋势。     

公司化改造中的国有资产保值增值问题研究

在国有企业公司化改造过程中存在国有资产严重流失问题，为实现国有资产的保值增值，要重点解决以下四个方面的问题：国家股权与公司法人财产所有权问题，国有股份的主体问题，公司治理结构问题和配套改革问题。