Enabling Mg metal anodes rechargeable in conventional electrolytes by fast ionic transport interphase

Rechargeable magnesium batteries have received extensive attention as the Mg anodes possess twice the volumetric capacity of their lithium counterparts and are dendrite-free. However, Mg anodes suffer from surface passivation film in most glyme-based conventional electrolytes, leading to irreversible plating/stripping behavior of Mg. Here we report a facile and safe method to obtain a modified Mg metal anode with a Sn-based artificial layer via ion-exchange and alloying reactions. In the artificial coating layer, Mg₂Sn alloy composites offer a channel for fast ion transport and insulating MgCl₂/SnCl₂ bestows the necessary potential gradient to prevent deposition on the surface. Significant improved ion conductivity of the solid electrolyte interfaces and decreased overpotential of Mg symmetric cells in Mg(TFSI)₂/DME electrolyte are obtained. The coated Mg anodes can sustain a stable plating/stripping process over 4000 cycles at a high current density of 6 mA cm⁻². This finding provides an avenue to facilitate fast ion diffusion kinetics of Mg metal anodes in conventional electrolytes.     

Surface superconductivity in the type II Weyl semimetal TaIrTe4

The search for unconventional superconductivity in Weyl semimetal materials is currently an exciting pursuit, since such superconducting phases could potentially be topologically non-trivial and host exotic Majorana modes. The layered material TaIrTe₄ is a newly predicted time-reversal invariant type II Weyl semimetal with the minimum number of Weyl points. Here, we report the discovery of surface superconductivity in Weyl semimetal TaIrTe₄. Our scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) visualizes Fermi arc surface states of TaIrTe₄ that are consistent with the previous angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy results. By a systematic study based on STS at ultralow temperature, we observe uniform superconducting gaps on the sample surface. The superconductivity is further confirmed by electrical transport measurements at ultralow temperature, with an onset transition temperature (T_c) up to 1.54 K being observed. The normalized upper critical field h*(T/T_c) behavior and the stability of the superconductivity against the ferromagnet indicate that the discovered superconductivity is unconventional with the p-wave pairing. The systematic STS, and thickness- and angular-dependent transport measurements reveal that the detected superconductivity is quasi-1D and occurs in the surface states. The discovery of the surface superconductivity in TaIrTe₄ provides a new novel platform to explore topological superconductivity and Majorana modes.     

Superconductivity in chromium nitrides Pr3Cr10-xN11 with strong electron correlations

Exploration of superconductivity in Cr-based compounds has attracted considerable interest because only a few Cr-based superconductors (CrAs, A₂Cr₃As₃ and ACr₃As₃ (A = K, Rb, Cs, Na)) have been discovered so far and they show an unconventional pairing mechanism. We report the discovery of bulk superconductivity at 5.25 K in chromium nitride in Pr₃Cr_10-xN₁₁ with a cubic lattice structure. A relatively large upper critical field of H_c2(0) ∼ 12.6 T is determined, which is larger than the estimated Pauli-paramagnetic pair-breaking magnetic field. The material has a large electronic specific-heat coefficient of 170 mJ K⁻² mol⁻¹—about 10 times larger than that estimated by the electronic structure calculation, which suggests that correlations between 3d electrons are very strong in Pr₃Cr_10-xN₁₁, and thus quantum fluctuations might be involved. Electronic structure calculations show that the density of states at the Fermi energy are contributed predominantly by Cr 3d electrons, implying that the superconductivity results mainly from the condensation of Cr 3d electrons. Pr₃Cr_10-xN₁₁ represents a rare example of possible unconventional superconductivity emerging in a 3D system with strong electron correlations. Nevertheless, clarification of the specific pairing symmetry needs more investigation.     

Understanding divergent domestication traits from the whole-genome sequencing of swamp- and river-buffalo populations

Domesticated buffaloes have been integral to rice-paddy agro-ecosystems for millennia, yet relatively little is known about the buffalo genomics. Here, we sequenced and assembled reference genomes for both swamp and river buffaloes and we re-sequenced 230 individuals (132 swamp buffaloes and 98 river buffaloes) sampled from across Asia and Europe. Beyond the many actionable insights that our study revealed about the domestication, basic physiology and breeding of buffalo, we made the striking discovery that the divergent domestication traits between swamp and river buffaloes can be explained with recent selections of genes on social behavior, digestion metabolism, strengths and milk production.     

战略性关键矿产资源供给安全研究综述与展望

战略性关键矿产资源事关人类社会持续发展、在关键领域发挥战略性作用。本文从战略性关键矿产资源的界定与遴选、供给风险评价与预警、供给安全体系优化与政策三方面对当前研究进行了综述。主要结论有：①战略性关键矿产资源是满足国防军事需求与实现战略性关键产业良性发展的原材料,是一个国家或地区主权属性的集中体现,需结合国家或地区发展实际动态遴选战略性关键矿种;②战略性关键矿产资源供给风险具有更强的模糊性与不确定性,战略性关键矿产资源供给风险评价模型的建立面临诸多挑战;③通过全球资源优化配置,完善全球治理体系,是战略性关键矿产资源供给安全体系优化与政策选择的重要方向。从多学科交叉研究供给安全的形成机理,由大数据驱动与全球供给链跟踪明确供给风险评价要素,基于外部冲击因素和内部产业因素结合的视角完善战略性关键矿产资源供给安全政策是未来战略性关键矿产供给安全研究的重要方向。     

绳子速度相等法归类例析

用一条绳连结两个物体且发生运动时,如绳与物体连结端速度方向一致,则绳的速度与物体的速度等大,如绳与物体连结端的速度方向不在同一直线上时,则绳的速度就是物体在沿绳方向上的一个分速度,而同一绳上各处不同的点速度必然是大小相等的,所以两物体在沿绳方向的分速度必定相等,     

棉花在化学实验设计中的应用

1 作反应物 1.1 纤维素硝化反应中所用脱脂棉是反应物 1.2 多糖纤维素的水解用到的棉花是反应物 1.3 用棉花团包裹Na2O2粉末,然后用胶头滴管向Na2O2粉末上滴2～3滴水,或通过长玻璃管用嘴向Na2O2粉末中吹气,棉花团能燃烧.棉花团作反应物.     

生物教师为何不愿上公开课

【案例聚焦】开学伊始,学校总是要求各教研组推荐二至三名教师在本学期内分别上一节公开课,必须在两周内把名单报齐。两周后,全校八个教研组常有个别组因不能凑齐人数而迟迟不能上交,尤其是生物组拖后。为此,学校特别设奖,即上公开课与年终考核挂钩,凡校级公开课加3分,区、市级     

苏北高职院校体育教学改革实施中教师阻抗的现象学分析及消除策略

本文将教师阻抗定义为由于自身或外界因素导致教师对现有体育教学改革表现出的不满、反对、甚至抵制心理和行为。研究以教师阻抗为问题切入点,重点探究教师阻抗的内在原因。具体分析内容包括:现有体育教学改革实施现状、体育教师态度真相、冷落改革,阻抗缘由,并结合阻抗缘由提供相关消解建议。本研究主要以现象学研究方法作为方法论基础,由悬置与还原、体验与描述、反思与归纳、本质的呈现作为重点环节,参照Pollio的现象学研究方法流程,采用深度访谈,访谈对象20人,每轮访谈结束后及时将访谈录音转录为文本形式,访谈文本132571字。对访谈文本采取归纳与演绎相结合的形式,精简提炼并进行具体论证分析。结论:(1)高职院校体育改革情况并不理想,阻抗现象真实存在;(2)体育教师内心支持改革,主观排斥现象罕见,阻抗现象另有他因;(3)体育教师阻抗主要由于教师对公共体育课程教学指导纲要无从下手,各校围绕体育教学改革中需要变更新的大纲、教学方法、评价方式等工作茫然无措所导致。以此建议多安排一线教师参加培训学习;制定更为客观、易操作的教学方法和评价方式应用于高职院校体育教学一线;增大资金及人力投入;提高教师文化自信等方面,消除改革中出现的部分教师阻抗,也为高职体育改革提出一些思路。