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951.
Matthew B. Hoy 《Medical reference services quarterly》2017,36(3):273-279
The blockchain is a relatively new technology used to verify and store transaction records for online cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin. The system is redundant and distributed, making it difficult for transactions to be rescinded, duplicated, or faked. Beyond online currencies, the blockchain has potential uses in health care, education, and many other fields. This column will briefly describe what the blockchain is and how it is being used, potential future uses that may be of interest to librarians and medical practitioners, and some of the problems with the system. 相似文献
952.
Prelinguistic babbling often seems remarkably speech-like, not because it has recognizable words but because it seems to have adult-like prosody. To quantify this impression, we compared disyllabic sequences from five infants and five adults in terms of the use of frequency, intensity, and duration to mark stress. Significantly larger values for the three acoustic variables were observed on stressed than on unstressed syllables independent of syllable position for both groups. Adults showed the correlates of utterance final syllables--lower f0, lower intensity, and longer duration; infants showed only decrease in intensity. Ratios for stressed to unstressed syllables and participation of the three variables in stress production in individual disyllables were highly similar in both groups. No bias toward the English lexical trochaic stress pattern was observed. We conclude that infants in English environments produce adult-like stress patterns before they produce lexical items, which specify stress. Acoustic and perceptual analyses are used to explore stress marking by prelinguistic infants in an English language environment. Results show that infants employ the three acoustic correlates of stress in individual syllables in a manner largely similar to that of adult speakers, although they do not show second-syllable declination effects or an English language trochaic stress bias. 相似文献
953.
Previous studies have shown that a predominant tendency in creative generation tasks is to base new ideas on well-known, specific instances of previous ideas (e.g., basing ideas for imaginary aliens on dogs, cats or bears). However, a substantial minority of individuals has been shown to adopt more abstract approaches to the task and to develop more original products as a result. Because domain knowledge is sometimes thought to be associated with more abstract representations, it is possible that these individual differences are linked to how much people have learned about the domain in question. The present study explored the relationship between domain knowledge, the tendency to rely on specific domain instances and both the originality and practicality of outcomes in a task in which participants designed novel sports. In addition to designing novel sports, participants rated their own knowledge about and participation in sports, and they took a short test of sport knowledge. As in previous studies, there were individual differences in approaches to the task, and participants who relied on specific known sports (e.g., basketball) produced less original designs. Neither the measures of sport knowledge nor the measure of sport participation related to the tendency to rely on specific instances in developing the novel sports or to the originality of those creations. However, there were links between tested knowledge and the rated practicality of the designs. 相似文献
954.
Developmentally Appropriate Emergent Literacy Activities for Young Children: Adapting the Early Literacy and Learning Model 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Whether it be leaping, resisting, or being gently shoved, the field of early childhood education continues moving into the
age of accountability. Young children are expected to exhibit many requisite skills prior to kindergarten. Thus, the advancement
of pre-reading and writing skills development become one of the many areas of focus for early childhood teachers. This study
focused on the advancement of young children’s emergent literacy and letter recognition skills through developmentally appropriate
instruction and need based adapted activities using the Early Literacy and Learning Model (ELLM) curriculum. The results suggest
that mindfully adapting activities to children’s needs advances children’s emergent literacy development. 相似文献
955.
The selection of books to read to young children matters enormously in the role books play for enriching children’s lives.
This paper reviews the scientific evidence for the appropriate selection of books, and argues that care in selecting books
targeted to children’s developing skills will enhance the power and the pleasures of reading to young children. 相似文献
956.
Filipino parents’ school choice and loyalty: a factor analysis 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Allan B. de Guzman Belinda V. de Castro Kieshia Albert B. Aquino Melinda Anne R. Buenaventura Anna Celina C. Duque Mark Lawrence D. R. Enriquez 《Educational Research for Policy and Practice》2008,7(2):109-122
This quantitative study aims to ascertain the significant relationship existing between parents’ profile, and their school
choice and school loyalty. Data were gathered using the researcher’s two-part made instrument. Respondents were first asked
to fill in a robotfoto for purpose of profiling their baseline characteristics and were later asked to rate listed indicators, using a modified
8-point Likert scale. Using statistical tools such as the ANOVA, factor analysis, correlation, mean, and standard deviation,
data were treated indepth. It is interesting to note that although parents are loyal to their alma mater, this does not have
a much impact on their choice of school for their children. On the whole, parents’ choice of school is based on its indispensable
qualities. Among the three interval-scale profiles of the parent respondents such as age, income, tuition fee payment and
number of children, none of these relate to school choice, but age, income, and tuition fee payment negatively relate to school
loyalty. From their nominal-scale profiles, significant differences were noted in their school choice when grouped according
to civil status, place of work, and terms of payment. With respect to school loyalty, significant differences occurred in
their responses when classified according to gender, terms of payment and their active participation in the Parent-Teacher
Association (PTA). 相似文献
957.
Educational Psychology Review - There has been a surge in interest and implementation of immersive virtual reality (IVR)-based lessons in education and training recently, which has resulted in many... 相似文献
958.
The problem of designing quantizers for use in decision-making systems is considered. Applying the theory of local tests, general criteria are derived for the optimal selection of quantizer parameters for the large-sample-size case. These criteria agree with previously established results based on optimization in terms of distance measures and are shown also to lead to that quantizer-decision system which is most efficient asymptotically. To illustrate the design procedure, several applications to signal detection are discussed. 相似文献
959.
B. Leach 《Research Policy》1973,2(1):56-70
This paper discusses the science policy implications of the development in the United Kingdom of one recent addition to the range of scientific instrumentation available to metallurgists and biologists — the High Voltage Electron Microscope.This case-study forms part of a larger study carried out at the R & D Research Unit, Manchester Business School for the Department of Education and Science, which is investigating the relationship between scientific techniques and fundamental research. The study shows the influence of prestige and competition as a stimulus towards the development, and concludes that the scale of such “Big Science” developments in this country, as the HVEM may well prove unjustifiable in relation to achieved or anticipated research and other benefits, and that in the future closer public scrutiny needs to be made of alternative funding policies in relation to anticipated benefits. 相似文献
960.
Richard N. Cowell Donald B. Holsinger 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1985,31(1):175-187
The delivery of quality education to elementary school students in remote and isolated areas continues to be a major problem in most countries. Solutions to this problem should be inexpensive, easy to develop and implement, and straightforward enough for local educational officials and teachers to understand and use. The Small Schools Project of the Indonesian Ministry of Education is attempting to solve this problem through an imaginative programme unique in its provision of an interrelated group of educational interventions of proven effectiveness. These interventions are: self-paced learning modules covering basic subject matter areas, self-paced evaluation for the content covered, learning groups of six to eight students led by peer tutors, supportive rather than didactic teacher behaviours and regular teacher training sessions to impart these behaviours, active support from the community, repair of school buildings, a small number of carefully chosen supplementary materials, larger teaching staffs, planning which integrates a variety of government offices at different levels, cooperative arrangements with universities and teacher training high schools, continuous formative evaluation, and a handbook which describes programme materials, policies and procedures. Preliminary evaluation indicates that the programme is succeeding. The problems of educating isolated youth are strikingly similar across cultures and temporal periods, and given the universality of this problem, other imaginative solutions should be studied and the results of these studies disseminated.
Zusammenfassung Für die meisten Länder ist es immer noch ein Schlüsselproblem, Elementarschülern in abgelegenen und isolierten Gegenden Unterricht von angemessener Qualität zu erteilen. Lösungen dieses Problems sollten nicht kostspielig, einfach zu entwickeln und durchzuführen und für örtliche Erziehungsbeamte und Lehrer leicht verständlich und anwendbar sein. Das Kleinschulprojekt des indonesischen Erziehungsministeriums bemüht sich, dieses Problem durch ein phantasiereiches Programm zu lösen, das in seiner Vorkehrung einzigartig ist, Gruppen durch erzieherische Maßnahmen von bewährter Wirksamkeit miteinander zu verbinden. Diese Maßnahmen sind: selbstgesteuerte Bausteine, die Grundthemen der Gegenstandsbereiche abdecken, selbstgesteuerte Bewertung der Lerninhalte, Lerngruppen von sechs bis acht Schülern unter Leitung gleichaltriger Tutoren, ein Lehrerverhalten, das mehr anregend als belehrend ist und regelmäßige Fortbildungsveranstaltungen, um die Lehrer mit diesem Verhalten vertraut zu machen, aktive Unterstützung durch die Gemeinden, Ausbesserungen der Schulgebäude, eine geringe Anzahl sorgfältig ausgewählten, zusätzlichen Materials, größere Lehrerkollegien, eine Planung, die eine Vielzahl von Regierungsbehörden auf verschiedenen Ebenen, untereinander verbendet, Vereinbarungen zur Zusammenarbeit zwischen Universitäten und höheren Schulen zur Lehrerausbildung, fortgesetzte Bildungsbewertung und ein Handbuch, das Lehrmateriale, Richtlinien und Verfahren beschreibt. Eine Zwischenauswertung hat ergeben, daß dieses Programm erfolgreich ist. Die Probleme, isolierte Jugendliche zu unterrichten, weisen auffallende Ähnlichkeiten in verschiedenen Kulturbereichen und zu verschiedenen Zeitepochen auf. Angesichts der Universalität dieses Problems sollten andere phantasiereiche Lösungen untersucht und die Ergebnisse dieser Berichte verbreitet werden.
Résumé Dispenser un enseignement de qualité aux élèves des classes élémentaires se trouvant dans des zones reculées et lointaines reste un grand problème dans de nombreux pays. Les solutions à ce problème ne doivent pas être onereuses, mais faciles à développer et à réaliser; elles doivent être assez simples à comprendre et à utiliser pour les administrations locales de l'éducation et les enseignants. Le Projet du Ministère de l'Education indonésien concernant l'école élémentaire vise à résoudre ce problème à travers un programme ingénieux et unique en son genre par l'offre d'un ensemble étroitement lié d'interventions éducatives d'une efficacité pédagogique reconnue. Ces moyens sont: des éléments pour l'auto-apprentissage couvrant les matières fondamentales; une auto-évaluation du contenu donné, des groups d'apprentissage de six à huit élèves avec des répétiteurs de même niveau, des enseignants adoptant un comportement plutôt d'assistance que didactique, des sessions régulières de formation des enseignants afin de transmettre ces comportments, un aide active des communes, la réparation des établissements scolaires, un petit nombre de matériels pédagogiques soigneusement choisis, un personnel plus nombreux, une planification qui intègre une quantité d'institutions publiques à différents niveaux, des arrangements prévoyant une coopération entre universités et écoles de pédagogie, une évaluation continue de la formation, et un manuel décrivant les materiels du programme, les buts et les procédés. Une première évaluation montre que le programme est prometteur. Les problèmes d'éducation des jeunes vivant dans des régions isolées sont très similaires à travers les différentes cultures et à travers tous les temps, ainsi, étant donné l'universalité de ce problème, d'autres solutions astucieuses devraient être étudiées et les résultats de ces études diffusés.相似文献