This paper presents a transformative modeling framework that guides the development of assessment to measure students’ deep understanding in physical sciences. The framework emphasizes 3 types of connections that students need to make when learning physical sciences: (1) linking physical states, processes, and explanatory models, (2) integrating multiple explanatory models, and (3) connecting scientific models to concrete experiences. We carried out a 2-phase exploratory study that helped further develop and refine the framework. In the first phase, we developed 3 items on sinking and floating and pilot tested them with 18 undergraduate students. Analysis of student responses revealed various student misconceptions and the different connections students made among science ideas. Based on the findings, we revised the assessment, modified the instruction, and collected data from another cohort of 26 students. The second cohort of students showed significant improvement of understanding of sinking and floating after instruction. Implications and limitations of how our assessment framework can be used to improve students’ conceptual understanding in science are discussed. 相似文献
Purpose: To identify and understand factors influencing farmers’ decisions to engage with extension activities. To understand farmer segments and how these factors vary in order to develop recommendations for future extension delivery.
Methodology: Qualitative data was obtained through semi-structured interviews with 30 Tasmanian dairy farmers. The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) framework was used to identify and explore factors influencing farmer engagement intentions and behaviour.
Findings: There was a negative effect of social influence on experienced farmers’ intention to re-engage with extension, due to the belief extension activities were targeted to less experienced, younger farmers. Perceived control factors limiting engagement included lack of confidence about existing knowledge, resulting in farmers perceiving extension activities as confronting.
Practical implications: Key factors influencing intention to engage and continued engagement with extension were identified. These findings will inform future design and targeting of extension activities to improve initial and continued engagement. Subsequent recommendations are presented.
Theoretical implications: Previous TPB studies on adoption as an outcome of extension have typically focused on quantifying adoption predictions, rather than exploring how social factors interact and influence intentions and behaviours. This paper demonstrates how the TPB can be qualitatively applied to better understand farmer decision making, in this instance with respect to their initial and continued engagement with extension.
Originality/value: This paper demonstrates how the TPB can provide an evidence-based framework to qualitatively explore farmer intentions and behaviour. This approach has led to new insights into farmer decision making that will inform improvements in future extension development. 相似文献
Children's Literature in Education - This article argues that emotions are utilized for norm breaking, identity formation, and socialization in S.E. Hinton’s YA novel The Outsiders... 相似文献
Content‐based automated scoring has been applied in a variety of science domains. However, many prior applications involved simplified scoring rubrics without considering rubrics representing multiple levels of understanding. This study tested a concept‐based scoring tool for content‐based scoring, c‐rater?, for four science items with rubrics aiming to differentiate among multiple levels of understanding. The items showed moderate to good agreement with human scores. The findings suggest that automated scoring has the potential to score constructed‐response items with complex scoring rubrics, but in its current design cannot replace human raters. This article discusses sources of disagreement and factors that could potentially improve the accuracy of concept‐based automated scoring. 相似文献
Cognitive challenges during transition to adulthood are generally high and require particular skills, such as self‐control, performance evaluation, and behavioral adjustment for success in everyday living. However, age and sex differences in timing and efficiency of brain maturational processes in the early twenties are not well known. We used a go/no‐go paradigm and fMRI to focus on the neural processes underlying response inhibition and performance monitoring during the transition from late adolescence (aged 18–19) to young adulthood (aged 23–25). During performance monitoring, late adolescents showed more activation in right inferior frontal gyrus than young adults, while males showed more activation in left inferior parietal lobe than females. No effects of age and sex were found for response inhibition. Our findings suggest that age and sex‐related differences in neural basis of performance monitoring continue to change between late adolescence and young adulthood. 相似文献
The purpose of this study was to explore the factors affecting ICT adoption process and the implications for faculty training
and technology leadership. Respondents represented a wide range of academic and professional positions. They identified themselves
as Assistant, Associate, and Professor as well as Instructional Designer, Director of Technology, Information Manager, eLearning
Manager, Assistant Department Chair, Associate Vice President of Academic Affairs and Consultant. The respondents identified
Organizational Support, Leadership, Training and Development, and Resources as the predominate themes affecting Information
and Communication Technology (ICT) adoption process in higher education. Evidence from this study offers insights on how higher
education administrators and technology leaders could help their faculty and staff to implement appropriate ICT tools and
practices to improve student learning. 相似文献
Informed largely by Affect theory (2004), this paper takes up ‘reflexivities of discomfort’ to reflexively engage with my affective struggles as a Christian, heterosexual, mother, educator, undertaking a study on homosexuality, which is a thorny issue in Uganda. It a methodological prologue, reflecting my thoughts and struggles before I undertake the study. My purpose is not to find solutions, but to lay bare some anxieties and ambivalences, also suggesting the limits of reflexivity. The paper begins with an autobiographical narrative about school in relation to (homo)sexuality. This is followed by an exposition of Uganda’s Anti-homosexuality Bill; my use of reflexivity and affect to inform my affective struggles; my background as it relates to sexuality, providing insights into my researcher positionality. I then engage with moments imbued with high affective/emotive intensity in my preparation to undertake the study. 相似文献
Distance education has experienced soaring development over the last decade. With millions of students in higher education
enrolling in distance education, it becomes critically important to understand student learning and experiences with online
education. Based on a large sample of 11,351 students taught by 1,522 instructors from 29 colleges and universities, this
study investigates the factors that impact student evaluation of instruction in distance education, using a two-level hierarchical
model. Key findings reveal that in a distance education setting, gender and class size are no longer significant predictors
of quality of instruction. However, factors such as reasons for taking the course, student class status and instructor’s academic
rank have a significant impact on student evaluation of learning and instruction. Findings from this study offer important
implications for institutional administrators on utilizing the evaluation results and on developing strategies to help faculty
become effective online instructors. 相似文献
Service-learning provides community service as well as authentic, curriculum-driven learning experiences (Furco &; Root, 2010Furco, A. and Root, S.2010. Research demonstrates the value of service-learning. Kappan, 91(5): 16–23. [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]) and has been an effective component of teacher education courses (García, Arias, Murri, &; Surna, 2010García, E., Arias, M. B., Murri, N. J. H. and Serna, C.2010. Developing responsive teachers: A challenge for a demographic reality. Journal of Teacher Education, 61: 132–142. doi:10.1177/002248710934787[Crossref], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Mitton-Kukner, Nelson, &; Descrochers, 2010Mitton-Kukner, J., Nelson, C. and Desrochers, C.2010. Narrative inquiry in service-learning contexts: Possibilities for learning about diversity in teacher education. Teaching and Teacher Education, 26: 1162–1169. doi:10.1016/j.tate.2010.01.001[Crossref], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]; Spencer, Cox-Petersen, &; Crawford, 2005Spencer, B. H., Cox-Petersen, A. M. and Crawford, T.2005. Assessing the impact of service-learning on preservice teachers in an after-school program. Teacher Education Quarterly, 32(4): 119–135. [Google Scholar]). With these authentic experiences, teachers construct conceptions of literacy learning as broader than classroom teaching and learning. This study investigates how 54 preservice elementary teachers (hereafter called teachers) learned about literacy development and cultural responsivity by engaging in a service-learning experience. 相似文献