Meat quality traits of four Chinese indigenous chicken breeds and one commercial broiler stock

Meat quality traits of four genotypes of Chinese indigenous chicken [Ninghai chicken (NC), frizzle chicken (FC), Ninghai xiang chicken (XC), and Zhenning loquat chicken (LC)] and one genotype of commercial broiler [Arbor Acres plus broiler (AAB)] were analyzed. The indigenous chickens were raised before the commercial chickens in order to achieve the same final processed days. Indigenous chickens of NC, FC, XC, and LC showed significantly higher inosine-5′-monophosphate (IMP) content, shorter fiber diameter, and lower shear force than those of AAB (P<0.05). In the indigenous genotypes, NC and FC had significantly shorter fiber diameters and lower shear forces than XC and LC (P<0.05), and NC and XC had a higher IMP content than FC and LC (P<0.05). Moreover, the indigenous genotype of LC significantly displayed the highest protein content (P<0.05) in the five genotypes of birds, and no significant differences of protein content were found between the other genotypes of NC, FC, XC, and AAB (P>0.05). The indigenous chickens from FC displayed the highest total lipid content in the five bird genotypes (P<0.05). Significant differences of pH, color values of L* and a*, and drip loss for the five genotypes of birds were also observed. In conclusion, there were significant differences in the meat quality traits of the bird breeds selected in this study, and the indigenous chickens, especially the NC genotype, produced better quality meat as far as the IMP content, fiber diameters, and shear forces were concerned.     

胶囊猪胰岛移植治疗糖尿病:现况与进展（英文）

本文对胶囊猪胰岛异种移植治疗糖尿病的相关研究进行综述,展示目前的研究现状,指出目前存在的问题,并提出未来的研究方向。基于包被胰岛的体积、活性、功能及生物安全性等重要决定因素,对猪胰岛来源、胶囊包被技术/方法及植入部位的选择进行了对比性、系统性地阐述,具有较高的参考价值。胶囊猪胰岛异种移植治疗糖尿病具有良好的应用前景,小胶囊或保形包被技术或是今后的发展方向。     

重大疫情防控中的网络舆情及其信息治理策略——基于“弹簧”动力模型分析

[目的/意义]遵循网络舆情演化规律开展高质量的信息治理,是有效化解重大疫情防控中网络舆情事件的必然选择,也是对重大疫情防控精准化、科学化水平的重要检验。[方法/过程]基于弹簧运动的受力原理,借助系统动力学及营力系统理论建构一种“弹簧”动力模型,用以描述信息压力、信息支持力、信息驱动力、信息阻滞力等内外营力的相互作用,以及这些作用力在网络舆情蓄力生成、反弹加速、异化驱动、减速终结等四个动态演进阶段的各自表征。[结果/结论]重大疫情防控中网络舆情的信息治理策略应从前置端口环节守住信息传播“关口”,从中间过程环节打造数字治理格局,从后置反馈环节强化网络舆情监管。     

人教版高中物理教科书科学家素材的人文价值取向研究

本文对高中物理教科书中的科学家素材所呈现的人文价值进行定量统计与分析,从而得出教科书中科学家素材的人文价值取向的规律与特点,对教材的改革与编写提供参考意见。     

基于游记主题挖掘与表达的旅游信息推荐研究

[目的/意义]针对在线旅游平台,提出一种挖掘游记主题标签,以代表性游记以及其中相关内容进行旅游信息推荐的新策略。[方法/过程]在利用文本挖掘技术,构建LDA主题模型,形成游记文本主题标签的基础上,通过游记代表度算法,筛选出针对相应标签的高描述度与高忠诚度游记进行旅游信息推荐,以客观表达文本聚类结果以及主题词之间的语义关系,并以蚂蜂窝旅游网中的"杭州游记"为例,加以验证。[结果/结论]结果表明,这种方式能挖掘出旅游者在历史旅游经历中真实的旅游热点及重点信息需求,针对高相似度游记的识别与聚类具有良好效果,对旅游信息细粒度推荐具有指导意义与实践意义。     

国家历史身份的载体:中国世界遗产保护事业的发展与挑战

1972年联合国教科文组织通过《世界遗产公约》之后,世界遗产已经发展成为一个世界性的资源保护、文明间对话、国际治理和文化表达的重要平台。世界遗产保护的基本目标也从自然和文化资源的保护,扩展为促进人类社会的可持续发展。在世界遗产的平台上表达自己国家和民族的历史,表达对文明发展的认知,表达自己国家和民族对人类整体文明的贡献,也已成为各个《世界遗产公约》缔约国关注的问题。中国自1985年加入《世界遗产公约》以来,在世界遗产的申报、保护方面取得了举世瞩目的成就,但仍需要制定一个清晰的世界遗产申报和保护战略,更为系统地展现中国文明对于世界的影响,展现和保护中国文化的多样性、文明成就和自然资源,并通过世界遗产这个全球性平台,促进中国与其他国家的对话与交流,促进世界可持续的和平发展。     

土壤微生物生物地理学研究现状与发展态势

土壤微生物生物地理学是研究土壤中微生物空间分布格局及其随时间变化的一门科学。开展土壤微生物生物地理学研究有助于深入挖掘土壤中的未知生物资源,深刻理解土壤中微生物多样性的产生、维持机制,并可预测陆地生态系统功能的演变方向。由于土壤中微生物绝大多数不可培养,所以其生物地理学研究长期滞后于动植物的生物地理学。21世纪以来,新一代高通量测序、组学技术的突破为土壤微生物生物地理学带来了前所未有的机遇,使其成为土壤生物学、微生物生态学领域的国际研究热点。本文阐述了近年来国内外土壤微生物生物地理学的研究现状,提出了近期研究重点,并对该领域的未来研究与发展态势进行了展望。     

Comparison of vibration rolling,nonvibration rolling,and static stretching as a warm-up exercise on flexibility,joint proprioception,muscle strength,and balance in young adults

Warm-up is an essential component for optimizing performance before an exercise session. This study investigated that the immediate effects of vibration rolling (VR), nonvibration rolling (NVR), and static stretching as a part of a warm-up regimen on the flexibility, knee joint proprioception, muscle strength, and dynamic balance of the lower extremity in young adults. Compared with the preintervention, VR induced the range of motion of knee flexion and extension significantly increased by 2.5% and 6%, respectively, and isokinetic peak torque and dynamic balance for muscle strength and dynamic balance increased by 33%–35% and 1.5%, respectively. In the three conditions, most outcomes between VR and NVR were comparable; however, the participants had a significantly higher knee joint reposition error after NVR than after VR, indicating that NVR would have a hampering knee joint proprioception effect. In particular, compared with static stretching, VR significantly increased the quadriceps muscle strength by 2-fold and dynamic balance by 1.8-fold. These findings suggest that athletic professionals may take VR into account for designing more efficient and effective preperformance routine to improve exercise performances. VR has high potential to translate into an on-field practical application.     

美国商业管制清单与专利自动映射方法及实证研究

为了高效分析中美在美国商业管制清单(Commerce Control List,CCL)记录的管制技术上的差距,针对CCL清单数据非结构化程度高的问题,提出了一种管制清单数据和专利数据的自动映射方法,实现了从专利视角自动揭示中美技术差距。基于文本挖掘的思想,研究制定了管制清单文本规范化流程,提出了基于TF-IDF (term frequency-inverse document frequency)和Word2Vec的管制清单数据与专利数据自动映射方法和效果评价指标。以2019年美国商业管制清单和2018年全球PCT (Patent Cooperation Treaty)专利申请数据为例进行实证研究,通过评估模型效果,最终发现当文本相似度阈值为0.87时,Word2Vec模型的自动映射结果最优,并以此开展技术差距分析。本研究提出的方法能够自动化映射管制清单数据和专利数据并开展情报分析,分析结果具有较高的可解释性,是提升情报分析时效性的有力手段,具有较高的实际应用价值。