说“兵符”

我们都熟悉信陵君“窃符救赵”的故事,其中之符,就是兵符。在我国古代社会,凡调发军队,命官遣使,颁发政令,皆授之以符或节,以为凭据。《周礼·地官·大司徒》记载：“若国有大故,则致万民于王门,令无节者不行于天下。”颜师古说：“节以毛为之,上下相重,取象竹节,因以为名,命将者,持之为信。”古代通信极不发达,封建帝王为了能直接掌控军队,便发明了兵符制度。“虎符”是最早的兵符,出现在春秋战国时期,是古代帝王授予臣僚兵权和调动军队所用的凭证。     

郭洞：钱塘上游的静谧山村

浙江,所谓东南形胜,风雅钱塘,大抵指的是下游一带,那如昆曲般的绮丽华美,直可从《武林旧事》、《陶庵梦忆》一类的笔记中慢慢找寻;而“奇山异水,天下独绝”的中游地区,则像是性灵的诗词,最宜在杂花生树的暮春三月浅斟低唱;唯有上游一带,因地处偏远,支流纵横,山川复杂,犹如众多飘逸的传奇,细说不尽。单说婺江上游,有一武阳川,夹岸多山,不高不低,众山间有一小平原,说是平原,其实也不过是稍为平整的丘陵而已,稻米、茶叶、桑蚕、金针、苎麻、灰鹅,     

Cross-cultural training,expatriate self-efficacy,and adjustments to overseas assignments: An empirical investigation of managers in Asia

This paper presents the findings of an empirical study that investigated the relationship between cross-cultural training (CCT) effectiveness, self-efficacy, and adjustment of expatriate managers in Asia. Responses of 169 managers from four different national backgrounds, all currently on overseas assignments in Asia, indicate that the relationship between CCT effectiveness and adjustment is mediated by an increase in self-efficacy. Implications of the findings for professional practice and for future research are discussed.     

Matching teaching to learners: A review of a decade of research

Thirty-five studies relating to D. E. Hunt's notion of matching environments to learners were reviewed. The studies were grouped according to their outcome measures into affective, behavioral, and achievement outcomes. Empirical support for the matching principle was found for all three outcomes, but varied from strong support for affective and behavioral criteria to moderate support for achievement. The article discusses these differences, and advocates that future research studies give greater attention to the conceptualization and measurement of teaching environments. It concludes that there is empirical validation for the matching principle, and that matching is a meaningful way of describing the process of adapting instructional approaches to student differences.     

改进β约束的组合投资决策优化模型

本文在研究了组合证券的系统风险与投资收益的内在联系的基础上，针对马柯维茨模型，使模型更具实用性。     

紫苏子提取物的生理功能及其在水产养殖中的应用研究进展

通过对紫苏子提取物的主要成分及生理功能描述,结合国内外该物质在生物中的应用现状,提出其在水产养殖中应注意的一些问题及重要的现实意义。     

Youth on the street: Abuse and neglect in the eighties

This paper discusses the findings of a study of runaways and homeless youth who were interviewed on the street the last week of every month on five week nights from late afternoon until 2 a.m. over a period of one year. The data derived from 489 interviews provided some interesting insights. Two distinct groups emerged from the analysis, generating a tentative hypothesis that the true "runners" tend to leave their homes with the intention of not returning and thus their runs are extended; the second group, designated "in and outers," use the run as a temporary coping mechanism. Their runs tend to be impulsive and of short duration. The study found that runaways (in particular the runners) are at great risk of being drawn into illegal activities. Major factors affecting this risk are distance from home and length of time on the run. A significant proportion of the youth interviewed had run from substitute care arrangements, and a disturbing implication emerging from the research is that adolescents in our society suffer from systemic abuse and neglect. One outcome of this piece of research was the opening of a safe house for early runners in January 1987. The operation of the house includes careful compilation of data to further advance understanding of the runaway population and its needs.     

Educational program on evaluation of alleged sexual abuse victims

Increased awareness of the problem of child sexual abuse has resulted in increasing numbers of children presenting to professionals for the evaluation of possible sexual victimization. A multidisciplinary project to develop professionals' knowledge and skills in the identification and evaluation of possible victims is described. The program focused on the child as a victim and emphasized developmental perspectives with regard to identification, interviewing children, the medical examination, and children in the legal system. Fifty-one medical and social work professionals from ten Indiana counties attended the program and responded to questionnaires about their experience and knowledge. Of 40 (78%) respondents, 63% had had no previous training in the medical evaluation for child sexual abuse. Child protective workers referred alleged victims primarily to the child's regular physician (37%) or emergency room (31%) for medical examination. Knowledge about child sexual abuse improved significantly at two weeks postsymposium (p = .001) and remained improved at six months postsymposium (p less than .02). These original participants have subsequently organized similar multidisciplinary programs in their local communities for medical, social, law enforcement, and legal professionals; thus, they have been "seeds" for further educational and cooperative efforts throughout the state.