1949～2003年我国图书馆学基础理论研究名篇述要

本文选介了1949-2003年图书馆学基础理论研究的一些重要论文，以此勾勒我国图书馆学基础理论的发展概貌。     

信息网格技术的研究和实现

信息网格是网格技术的重要应用模式，本文在分析网格技术的基础上介绍了信息网格的应用背景、定义，讨论了信息网格的关键技术，并详细介绍了信息网格的典型事例——上海网格。     

科技期刊利用互联网资源进行策划组稿的实践——以《国际检验医学杂志》为例

对于科技期刊而言,质量仍然是期刊可持续发展的根本.提高科技期刊质量的途径和方法很多,其中,编辑部主动向专家进行组稿约稿是科技期刊始终保持在同质期刊中的权威性,提升期刊质量和影响力最常见又切实可行的方法.本文以《国际检验医学杂志》为例,探讨如何利用互联网资源,如微信“问卷星”调查、百度学者、国家自然科学基金委员会官网等,及时了解专家的论文影响力、研究方向和最新成果等,并进行精准的策划组稿,取得较好效果.     

Precision measurement of the Newtonian gravitational constant

The Newtonian gravitational constant G, which is one of the most important fundamental physical constants in nature, plays a significant role in the fields of theoretical physics, geophysics, astrophysics and astronomy. Although G was the first physical constant to be introduced in the history of science, it is considered to be one of the most difficult to measure accurately so far. Over the past two decades, eleven precision measurements of the gravitational constant have been performed, and the latest recommended value for G published by the Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) is (6.674 08 ± 0.000 31) × 10⁻¹¹ m³ kg⁻¹ s⁻² with a relative uncertainty of 47 parts per million. This uncertainty is the smallest compared with previous CODATA recommended values of G; however, it remains a relatively large uncertainty among other fundamental physical constants. In this paper we briefly review the history of the G measurement, and introduce eleven values of G adopted in CODATA 2014 after 2000 and our latest two values published in 2018 using two independent methods.     

余华小说《第七天》中的生与死

《第七天》是余华继《兄弟》七年之后完成的最新一部长篇小说，描绘了主人公死去后所经历的事情以及勾起的回忆，为读者展现了一个平等、和谐的死亡世界。经过分析，作品中的生死问题包括三个方面：作品中的人物对死亡没有痛苦或恐惧，能够理性地看待死亡；生与死的意义被颠倒，死亡世界接近理想中的现实世界，更加引人向往；生与死由“爱”这条纽带联系起来，让人们在冰冷中感受到温情。这部小说暴露了大量的社会现实，引人深思，也备受争议。     

Wearable skin-like optoelectronic systems with suppression of motion artifacts for cuff-less continuous blood pressure monitor

According to the statistics of the World Health Organization, an estimated 17.9 million people die from cardiovascular diseases each year, representing 31% of all global deaths. Continuous non-invasive arterial pressure (CNAP) is essential for the management of cardiovascular diseases. However, it is difficult to achieve long-term CNAP monitoring with the daily use of current devices due to irritation of the skin as well as the lack of motion artifacts suppression. Here, we report a high-performance skin-like optoelectronic system integrated with ultra-thin flexible circuits to monitor CNAP. We introduce a theoretical model via the virtual work principle for predicting the precise blood pressure and suppressing motion artifacts, and propose optical difference in the frequency domain for stable optical measurements in terms of skin-like devices. We compare the results with the blood pressure acquired by invasive (intra-arterial) blood pressure monitoring for >1500 min in total on 44 subjects in an intensive care unit. The maximum absolute errors of diastolic and systolic blood pressure were ±7/±10 mm Hg, respectively, in immobilized, and ±10/±14 mm Hg, respectively, in walking scenarios. These strategies provide advanced blood pressure monitoring techniques, which would directly address an unmet clinical need or daily use for a highly vulnerable population.     

总括副词“至少”的主观性

人们通常认为副词＂至少＂表示的意义是＂最低限度＂,但在实际的运用当中,＂至少＂有＂不止＂、＂不仅仅＂的规约含意。由于＂至少＂的使用与说话人紧密相关,因此不可避免地带上了说话人自我的印记。＂至少＂的规约含意＂不止＂、＂不仅仅＂表现了说话人对句子命题的主观介入,表现为说话人对句子命题的肯定程度或对命题的主观认识。在北京大学现代汉语语料库（CCL）中包含＂至少＂的语料中,＂至少＂的用法归纳为标记和无标记用法。在这两种用法中,＂至少＂的主观性体现了说话人主观认识、主观解释、主观情感。     

氧自由基代谢中微量元素的作用机制

对铜锌超氧化物歧化酶、锰超氧化物歧化酶和铁超氧化物歧化酶等三种金属蛋白酶的活性结构及酶蛋白中金属离子催化氧自由基的机理进行了综述。     

论生育权

本否证了生育权视为一种夫妻之间的身份权的观点，并指出其本质归属应为人格权之构成部分。认为生育权的权能构成应该包括生育请求权、生育决权、生育方式选择权，以此为基础提出了完整的生育权体系的观点。最后，章对生育权的侵权损害赔偿责任认定以及法律上的必要限制也作了阐释。     

从博弈论的角度看"教育减负"

在应试教育向素质教育转轨的过程中,“教育减负”是教育界和社会各界普遍关注的热点问题。从博弈论的角度来看,由于教育资源的短缺,以及个人理性和集体理性的不同一,“教育减负”呈现出一种“囚徒困境”的博弈。走出这种“囚徒困境,”还需要各博弈主体理性水平的提高和整个教育制度的创新。