A qualitative investigation of design knowledge reuse in project-based mechanical design courses

ABSTRACT

The interpretation and reuse of previous design solutions, or precedents, is central to design. This paper describes qualitative research conducted over three years at two institutions, aimed at investigating the role of design knowledge re-use in project-based mechanical design courses. Research data were collected through participant observation, student interviews, anonymous questionnaires, and website analytics. The paper identifies challenges that must be addressed in order to support novice engineers in rehearsing the types of knowledge required to successfully reason about and engage with design precedents. Two categories of design precedents are identified: concept precedents and detail precedents. Providing students with access to the latter is identified as a particular challenge, as is providing students with access to engineering communities of practice. Approaches to addressing these challenges are discussed.     

Gendered inequalities in competitive grant funding: an overlooked dimension of gendered power relations in academia

ABSTRACT

Research grant funding influences the organisation of academic work and academic careers. We problematise general approaches to gender bias in research grant funding and argue that it fails to include the wider structures of inequality and the unequal gendered power relations in academia. Approaching the subject with gender budgeting we challenge assumed gender-neutral practices. The objective is to illuminate how the gendered funding system and (the previous and subsequent) gendered structures of academia are maintained. The whole grants scheme is assessed, drawing on statistical data collected on the whole population of a medium-size, comprehensive research and educational institution in Iceland, and two types of competitive grants. The data is measured against the pool of applicants and comparisons within and between fields and ranks are made. By including the structures of inequality and the gendered power relations, the results show how the funding system is biased not only in favour of men, but towards the male-dominated and culturally masculine positions and fields. This approach illustrates the need to address the whole academic system in order to challenge the norms that maintain and reproduce gender inequalities.     

公众参与视域下公共档案馆微信平台互动研究

公众参与是衡量现代民主政治发展的重要指标,公共机构与社会公众双方良性互动显得至关重要。从档案微信公众平台建设上看,存在公众参与地域不均、公众参与程度不高、档案部门回应力度不够、微信公号吸引性不足的问题。提出应加强档案宣传教育,转变档案部门服务意识,提高公号内容质量和拓宽互动形式等建议,以期提高双方互动效率,实现档案服务质量和档案价值的提升。     

Reference power values for the jump squat exercise in elite athletes: A multicenter study

ABSTRACT

The present study aimed to provide reference values for lower-limb muscle power assessed during the incremental jump squat (JS) test in elite athletes (i.e., professional athletes competing at international level). We pooled data from all JS tests performed by elite athletes of different sports in two high-performance centres between 2015 and 2019, and computed reference values (i.e., terciles) for mean power (MP), mean propulsive power (MPP), and peak power (PP). Reference values were obtained from 684 elite athletes (458 male and 226 female) of 16 different sports (boxing, judo, karate, fencing, taekwondo, wrestling, basketball, soccer, futsal, handball, rugby union, badminton, tennis, long distance running, triathlon, and sprinting). Significant differences (p < 0.001) were found between male and female athletes for MP (7.47 ± 1.93 and 6.15 ± 1.68 W·Kg^?1, respectively), MPP (10.50 ± 2.75 and 8.63 ± 2.43 W·Kg^?1), and PP (23.64 ± 6.12 and 19.35 ± 5.49 W·Kg^?1). However, the velocity at which these power measures was attained seemed to be independent of sex (~0.95, 1.00 and 2.00 m·s^?1 for mean, mean propulsive, and peak velocity, respectively) and homogeneous across different sport disciplines (coefficient of variation <10%). These data can be used to classify athletes’ power capabilities, and the optimum velocity ranges provided here could be useful for training purposes.     

英语新闻标题中的隐喻及其传播功能

本文以China Daily（《中国日报》）为例,分析英语新闻标题制作中的隐喻现象,重点揭示了英语新闻标题中使用隐喻的特点及其功能。     

虚拟现实:关于未来媒体的一种猜想

本文参照虚拟现实的含义和特征,提出了它在大众传播中的作用,并指出,只要虚拟现实逐步成熟完善起来并得到充分应用而承担了新一代媒体重任的时候,它已经在全部意义上实现了媒体发展的终极目标。     

大学图书馆在OA环境中的发展策略

本文介绍了OA的发展现状,分析了OA运动对大学图书馆的意义并探讨了OA环境中大学图书馆的发展策略,目的是使大学图书馆积极适应学术交流模式的转变,以稳固其知识交流中心的地位。     

图书馆2.0下开展掘客信息服务

图书馆2.0为信息服务带来新的契机。本文简要介绍了掘客的概念及其主要特点,并提出了利用掘客技术加强网站建设,以弥补图书馆传统信息服务过程中的一些不足。     

我国计算机科学领域科研合作的计量学研究

文章利用文献计量学方法,对我国计算机科学领域中被sCI收录的国际论文,从科学家、机构和国家之间合作的角度进行了分析研究.以美国科学情报所(ISI)出版的Wen of Science数据库为统计源,依据ISI2005年出版的Journal Citation Reports (JCR)的期刊分类体系,选择了JCR中"computer science"学科为统计对象.对该学科下的350种期刊1996-2006年发表的,机构署名中包含有"Peoples R China"的论文进行了检索.通过统计分析发现,在计算机科学领域产生的国际论文中,多作者合作是主流的研究方式.合著发表论文的规模以2～4人为主,并保持扩大的趋势.相对于国内机构之间的合作,国际合作产生的论文在质量和影响方面都更为突出.