CIDE gene expression in adipose tissue,liver, and skeletal muscle from obese and lean pigs

The expression of the cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor α-like effector (CIDE) family including Cidea, Cideb, and Cidec was significantly increased in mouse and human models of obesity. However, there was less information on these genes’ expression in pigs. Here, we hypothesized that different fat accumulation between lean (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire gilts, DLY) and obese (Lantang) pigs was attributed to porcine CIDE-modulating lipid metabolism. Our data showed that Cidea and Cidec were expressed at a high level in adipose tissue, and at a relatively high level in skeletal muscle, whereas Cideb was mainly expressed in the liver in both breeds of pig. Lantang pigs had higher white adipose and skeletal muscle Cidea and Cidec mRNA abundance, and hepatic and muscle Cideb mRNA than DLY pigs. Lipid metabolism-related genes including sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α (HNF-4α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), fatty acid synthase (FASN), diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), and DGAT2 showed a higher expression level in adipose tissue from obese pigs than in that from lean pigs. Lantang pigs exhibited higher mRNA abundance for liver SREBP-1c, HNF-4α, and PGC-1α, and higher skeletal muscle SREBP-1c, HNF-4α, PGC-1α, and DGAT2 expression, as compared with DLY pigs. However, the perlipin2 mRNA levels in adipose tissues, liver, and skeletal muscle were significantly lower in obese pigs than in their lean counterparts. Furthermore, plasma non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), glucose, and triacylglycerol (TAG) levels were greater in obese pigs than in lean pigs. Finally, data from correlation analysis further found that CIDE mRNA expression was positively correlated with back fat thickness (BFT), abdominal fat mass (AFM), and the levels of NEFA, TAG, and glucose in the two breeds. Collectively, these data revealed that the porcine CIDEs possibly modulated lipid metabolism and contributed to the development of fat deposition and obesity in Lantang pigs.     

看图软件ACDSee的批处理功能

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构建和谐社会政府职能转变的困境与路径

政府作为国家的化身,在改革开放和社会主义现代化建设中起着主导作用。构建和谐社会要求政府必须具备四个方面的职能,即整合社会公共文化的职能;维系社会有序运行的职能;协调社会利益关系的职能;提供社会公共服务的职能。经济社会转型时期我国政府职能转变面临着三大困境,一是选择政府理念的困境;二是定位政府角色的困境;三是精简政府机构的困境。因此,政府职能转变有三点对策:第一,选择"协同政府"理念,引导政府职能转变;第二,提高政府能力,细化政府职责;第三,优化政府人力资源,消除机构臃肿。     

连续时间系统的极大值原理及其经济学解释

对动态经济系统最优控制的数学模型极大值原理作出经济学解释，以便人们对数学领域中的极大值原理及其在经济系统中的应用能够有更加直观而深刻的理解．     

温度概念的热力学

热量是由温度来定义的,因而用热冷程度来定义温度就是不科学的.本文以热力学第一定律和第二定律为基础,用可逆热机的运转来建立温度概念.温度是体系的单一决定可逆热机效率的宏观可测性质.此一宏观可测性质的特征由可逆热机运转的三种情形可以明确地揭示出来.     

嫁接与转换的艺术

本文主要是以切身的设计实践为论述基础，探讨这种嫁接活动应遵循的一些原则，力求把民族性与国际性、“土特产”与“洋包装”、少数民族文化与中原汉民族文化有机地结合，尝试以较大范围的区域特色代替某种单一的地方特色。     

从信息控制角度谈图书馆核心竞争力的构建

从增强图书馆信息控制功能的角度,提出构建图书馆核心竞争力的途径是建设优质高效的信息资源存取系统、进行管理体制创新,重组业务流程,建立以用户满意为中心的服务体系以及重视员工培训,建立学习型、创新型的图书馆组织文化。     

咨询产业呼唤咨询教育制度

本文着重从战略高度对普及咨询知识教育制度，发展高等咨询教育和咨询继续教育制度。以及加强咨询教学研究工作提出了相应的建议。     

教学投影机亮度变暗的解决方案

对投影机亮度变暗的原因与维修、维护的范围及效果进行了分析，提出了维护、维修的方案及成本预测。