棒球投手投球动作的运动生物力学研究综述

通过对近20多年来国内、外学者对棒球投手的运动生物力学研究成果进行整理分析研究,研究认为,目前对棒球投手的生物力学研究主要运用高速摄影、等速肌力测试、肌电图、三维测力台等科研手段,从运动学、动力学、肌电学方面对影响棒球投球动作质量及投球速度的关键部位和因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对优化投球动作以减少运动损伤等方面进行了探讨.     

Measurement of fluid flow generated by artificial cilia

We observed and measured the fluid flow that was generated by an artificial cilium. The cilium was composed of superparamagnetic microspheres, in which magnetic dipole moments were induced by an external magnetic field. The interaction between the dipole moments resulted in formation of long chains-cilia, and the same external magnetic field was also used to drive the cilia in a periodic manner. Asymmetric periodic motion of the cilium resulted in generation of fluid flow and net pumping of the surrounding fluid. The flow and pumping performance were closely monitored by introducing small fluorescent tracer particles into the system. By detecting their motion, the fluid flow around an individual cilium was mapped and the flow velocities measured. We confirm that symmetric periodic beating of one cilium results in vortical motion only, whereas asymmetry is required for additional translational motion. We determine the effect of asymmetry on the pumping performance of a cilium, verify the theoretically predicted optimal pumping conditions, and determine the fluid behaviour around a linear array of three neighbouring cilia. In this case, the contributions of neighbouring cilia enhance the maximal flow velocity compared with a single cilium and contribute to a more uniform translational flow above the surface.     

迈向体育强国的农村体育公共服务体系建设

采用文献资料等研究方法,分析体育强国构建背景下农村体育公共服务体系的建设问题。研究认为:农村体育公共服务体系建设对于实现体育强国目标具有重要的战略意义;当前农村体育公共服务体系建设处于难得的发展机遇期,具有良好的政策导向和制度、措施推动,同时也面临着供给主体单一、服务内容单调和运作机制不畅等现实问题。应以体育强国的构建为契机,改革政府单一供给模式,完善服务内容体系,加强运行机制建设,大力推动农村体育公共服务体系建设。     

全媒体时代我国出版企业的数字化转型研究

全媒体出版是一种整合多种媒体形式对同一内容进行多媒介同步发行的全新出版理念。本文对我国如何进行全媒体出版转型作了进程、问题、全媒体产业链整合等方面的研究,意在为这样一种转型趋势提供参考。     

Instructor-provided summary infographics to support online learning

Infographics are a visualisation tool that can be used to improve retention, comprehension and appeal of complex concepts. The rise of infographic use in education has facilitated new forms of application and design of these tools. Instructor-provided summary infographics are a new form of infographic, whereby key learning objectives and content are summarised in graphical form at the end of a lesson. However, it is unknown whether these types of infographics can support learning in online environments. This exploratory research investigates student perceptions, retention, applications and activity generation of instructor-provided summary infographics in a massive online learning environment. Using both post-course learner survey data (n = 1,899) and text mining analysis (n = 72,490 words), results present how learners perceived instructor-provided summary infographics as useful and appealing for retaining, clarifying and understanding learning concepts. The research contributes a novel understanding of summary infographics in online learning environments, and supports their use as a design tool for educational delivery in the online space.     

影响上海市科技创新效率之因素实证分析

通过大量统计及实地调研的数据实证分析发现,上海市创新效率不高的原因主要表现在以下几方面:一是创新主体是政府,尚未形成以企业为主体的格局;二是RD投入中国际采购额度高,而国内的产学研合作较少;三是国资、外资主导的企业生态,缺少有创新活力的企业主体;四是市场竞争不充分,企业缺乏创新动力;五是研发经费的分配重物轻人,难以调动科研人员的积极性。针对这些问题,提出了相应的政策建议。     

计算机自适应序列考试概述

计算机自适应序列考试(CAST)是一种考试实施程序,也是一种考试设计的方法学。本文以一个1-3-3模式的三阶段CAST为例,介绍了CAST的基本框架、组卷策略与步骤,以及CAST的实施。CAST既能像计算机自适应考试(CAT)一样高效,同时又能满足考试的内容要求,为实现高品质的计算化考试带来了新的哲学理念。     

Towards educational inclusion in a contested society: from critical analysis to creative action

This paper is written by democratic educators who stand for the idea that is it worth developing, through classrooms and schools, a socially just (egalitarian), anti‐discriminatory society where interdependent relationships are valued. This paper significantly develops some of the ideas explored in the authors’ earlier contribution concerned with progress in Northern Ireland towards educational inclusion, and how this might more effectively advance in a post‐conflict transforming society. In particular, the paper poses the ‘so what’ question, and it responds by exploring the practical implications of six key ideas thought essential for transforming learning environments supportive of cultural diversity, equity and excellence for all. In addition, it includes examples of how school staff, along with collaborating partners, might utilize these key principles in order to facilitate school improvement.     

Diagnostic accuracy of UriSed automated urine microscopic sediment analyzer and dipstick parameters in predicting urine culture test results

Introduction

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common types of infection. Currently, diagnosis is primarily based on microbiologic culture, which is time- and labor-consuming. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of urinalysis results from UriSed (77 Electronica, Budapest, Hungary), an automated microscopic image-based sediment analyzer, in predicting positive urine cultures.

Materials and methods:

We examined a total of 384 urine specimens from hospitalized patients and outpatients attending our hospital on the same day for urinalysis, dipstick tests and semi-quantitative urine culture. The urinalysis results were compared with those of conventional semi-quantitative urine culture.

Results:

Of 384 urinary specimens, 68 were positive for bacteriuria by culture, and were thus considered true positives. Comparison of these results with those obtained from the UriSed analyzer indicated that the analyzer had a specificity of 91.1%, a sensitivity of 47.0%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 53.3% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 40.8–65.3), and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 88.8% (95% Cl = 85.0–91.8%). The accuracy was 83.3% when the urine leukocyte parameter was used, 76.8% when bacteriuria analysis of urinary sediment was used, and 85.1% when the bacteriuria and leukocyturia parameters were combined. The presence of nitrite was the best indicator of culture positivity (99.3% specificity) but had a negative likelihood ratio of 0.7, indicating that it was not a reliable clinical test.

Conclusions:

Although the specificity of the UriSed analyzer was within acceptable limits, the sensitivity value was low. Thus, UriSed urinalysis results do not accurately predict the outcome of culture.     

高校合并后图书馆期刊工作浅谈

本文分析了高校合并后期刊利用中派生的新问题，根据高校发展需要与信息技术发展状况，提出了解决问题的设想及建议。