加入WTO后中医院校科技工作的对策

加入WTO以后。中医药学这种中华民族几千年医疗实践所结晶的独特的医学体系，将被人类所共享，但已习惯了西医学知识体系的人们却难以接受中医理论，因此，必须用现代科技去解析中医药，建立国际性的中医药产品质量认证体系。高等中医院校是中高级中医药科研人员的集中地，引导着现在与将来的研究趋势，中医院校科技工作者们将担负中医药现代化、国际化的重任，就必须认清形势、抓住中医药发展的大好机遇，提高科研管理水平，理顺科研思路，准确制定中医院校的中医药研究方向，与现代科技接轨，达成中医药知识的国际共识，促进中医药成果转化国际市场，用现代科技继承发扬中医药学，逐步实现中医药现代化。     

我国“2011协同创新中心”的组建分析

协同创新中心是由高校、科研院所、企业以及政府部门或地方政府等组成的创新组织模式。针对国内协同创新中心组建过程中存在的盲目性问题,以我国首批"2011计划"的14个"2011协同创新中心"为样本,对协同创新中心的组建过程及特点、协同创新中心的结构层次与主体成员的显著特征进行系统研究,据此得出结论与建议,以期对于协同创新中心的理论研究和现实运行提供借鉴。     

文化生态视域中的马关县侬智高遗址

八寨阿雅城遗址和大坟包是云南省马关县两处与侬智高有关的遗址,人们赋予两处遗址不同的解释。阿雅城遗址的主人龙海基被学者和地方精英说成是侬智高与狄青作战失败之后为逃难而化名生存的化身,龙海基也被当地不同民族认同为各自的祖先。大坟包遗址被认为其埋葬的是侬智高部队抗击交趾战死沙场的将士。侬智高遗址文化表现出模糊性与边缘性特征,其与马关县的文化生态环境有密切关联。马关县地处祖国西南边陲,县境山多路险,是侬智高战败后逃难的理想下落点。其边陲、山区的特点也为侬智高遗址相关传说文化的边缘性与模糊性找到了缘由。     

货币化子女赡养责任,以制度推动居家养老服务?--基于上海市的社会调查

如何养老已经成为国家、社会和家庭都非常担忧和焦虑的问题,居家养老是一项化解未来养老沉重负担的重要措施。但是由于当前家庭少子化、照护资源紧缺以及人口老龄化和高龄化速度加快,居家养老面临着照护人员缺乏、照护资金不足诸多现实困境。货币化子女赡养责任是挖掘家庭资源,缓解家庭照护缺位、服务提供不足之矛盾的有效途径。调查发现对缴纳赡养费,民众支持程度尚可,认可度有差异。随年龄增长,对赡养费的支持度增加;成年子女的收入、教育水平对货币化赡养责任的意愿也有不同的影响。在劳动力流动的现代社会,有必要探索建立赡养费制度,并加以制度约束与规范,同时应善用文化软力量的导向效应。     

Emotional labor and burnout among Turkish primary school teachers

Emotions play a critical role in teaching, especially in primary schools. Teachers have to manage their feelings in order to sustain a positive classroom climate. Managing feelings as a requirement of work is called emotional labor, which is a relatively new area of research in teaching. The main aim of this research was to investigate the type of emotional labor strategies Turkish primary school teachers often use and whether emotional labor is a predictor of burnout for primary teachers in a Turkish context. Also, the authors explore if there is a significant variation in emotional labor in terms of gender and school type (public/private). A survey was conducted with the participation of 370 primary school teachers from Ankara, Turkey. Results indicated that Turkish primary school teachers mostly engage in genuine emotions in their relationships with students. Female teachers use deep and surface acting strategies more often than males. Also, private school teachers were found to use deep acting strategies and display genuine emotions more often than public school teachers. Finally, it was found that emotional labor is a significant predictor of burnout among Turkish primary school teachers.     

Of Course Scientists Haven’t Seen Dinosaurs on the Beach: Turkish Kindergartners’ Developing Understanding of the Nature of Science Through Explicit–Reflective Instruction

Although the importance of nature of science (NOS) instruction for learners as young as kindergartners is emphasised in a great number of documents and studies, very little research has been conducted in early childhood contexts. Thus, researchers are still not able to see a comprehensive picture of young children’s understandings of NOS. The purpose of this qualitative study is to investigate kindergartners’ developmental ability to comprehend tenets of NOS. Using an explicit–reflective approach and activities designed to develop their understandings of NOS, we instructed eight kindergartners for 10 days over the course of a month to document changes in their thinking. To this end, they were interviewed individually using Young Children’s Views of Science before and after instruction. The results indicate that generally, the kindergartners had an inadequate understanding of NOS before instruction but had developed it by the end of instruction. Each child’s understanding of the individual aspects of NOS developed to different degrees, creative NOS improving most substantially. This study corroborates that kindergartners are not developmentally constrained to develop informed NOS understandings. On the contrary, they are able to develop an informed understanding of NOS that can be improved by the implementation of explicit–reflective instruction.     

Modeling of an instructional design process based on the problem-based learning approach in three-dimensional multi-user virtual environments

Education and Information Technologies - In this study, the instructional design process in three-dimensional multi-user virtual environments (3D MUVEs) based on a problem-based learning approach...