Teacher-education students’ views about knowledge building theory and practice

This study investigated the effects of engaging students to collectively learn and work with knowledge in a computer-supported collaborative learning environment called Knowledge Forum on their views about knowledge building theory and practice. Participants were 24 teacher-education students who took a required course titled “Integrating Theory and Practice in Teaching.” Data mainly came from (1) student discourse recorded in a Knowledge Forum database, (2) a survey that examined students’ views about knowledge building, and (3) interviews with regard to students’ perceived barriers to implementing knowledge building theory in teaching. Findings suggest that with sustained discourse to construct their collective understanding of the relationships between theory and practice in teaching for a semester, the participants were able to attain more informed and practical views about knowledge building theory. In addition, students’ perceived barriers to implementing knowledge building in teaching were identified and strategies to help overcome these barriers discussed.     

抑癌基因PTEN载体构建及在LOVO细胞中的表达

目的:构建抑癌基因PTEN的表达载体并在LOVO细胞中表达。方法:从人外周血中提取总RNA,通过RT-PCR扩增出PTEN基因片段,将PTEN基因连入pLenti6/V5载体。测序鉴定后,经脂质体转染入LOVO细胞,对细胞株进行RT-PCR和Western blot检测。结果:DNA测序证实pLenti6/V5-PTEN表达载体为阳性克隆;该表达载体转染LOVO细胞后上调了PTEN mRNA和蛋白的表达。结论:成功构建了pLen-ti6/V5-PTEN表达载体,为进一步研究PTEN在LOVO细胞中的功能奠定了基础。     

北魏《韩玫墓志》四题

北魏正光五年(524年)《韩玫墓志》所载志主家世、家族郡望及其生命后期的仕宦抉择颇有价值。《韩玫墓志》所载高祖韩苟、曾祖韩元兴,即《魏书·韩茂传》之韩耆、韩茂。韩茂家族并非如姚薇元先生所说出自匈奴族,而应是先被赫连夏政权吸纳,后又进入北魏政权的安定地方汉人豪强。孝文帝定姓族后,韩玫家族进入新门阀序列,志主韩玫即凭依门第入仕。门阀化后的韩玫家族舍弃旧贯,攀附南阳郡望,入唐以后其后裔又改以昌黎为郡望,由此可见北朝隋唐间郡望兴衰之于身份认同的意义。从韩玫生命后期的仕宦抉择,可以窥见高阳王元雍与正光政局关系之一端。     

仰韶彩陶文化中的“日与乌”纹饰

自古以来,中国古代先民就怀着对自然的崇拜和敬畏之情,将与他们生活息息相关的自然生灵作为精神寄托和崇拜对象,并作为纹饰记载在他们创造的器物上。太阳崇拜与乌灵崇拜,是人类社会最早的两大崇拜,而且太阳崇拜几乎跟乌灵崇拜融为一体。陕西华县泉护村仰韶文化遗址出土的鸟纹彩陶中,有一个形象为日与乌组合的纹饰颇为引人注目,乌是鸟的一种,这也与中国的一部分神话故事中的情节相吻合。这一纹样是太阳崇拜的一种表现。对于类似彩陶纹样的研究,能体现彼时彼地人类某种观念、精神和情感。     

Efficacy of a novel endotoxin adsorber polyvinylidene fluoride fiber immobilized with (L)-serine ligand on septic pigs

A novel adsorber, polyvinylidene fluoride matrix immobilized with L-serine ligand (PVDF-Ser), was developed in the present study to evaluate its safety and therapeutic efficacy in septic pigs by extracorporeal hemoperfusion. Endotoxin adsorption efficiency (EAE) of the adsorber was firstly measured in vitro. The biocompatibility and hemodynamic changes during extracorporeal circulation were then evaluated. One half of 16 pigs receiving lipopolysaccharide (Escherichia coli O111:B4, 5 μg/kg) intravenously in 1 h were consecutively treated by hemoperfusion with the new adsorber for 2 h. The changes of circulating endotoxin and certain cytokines and respiratory function were analyzed. The 72 h-survival rate was assessed eventually. EAE reached 46.3% (100 EU/ml in 80 ml calf serum) after 2 h- circulation. No deleterious effect was observed within the process. The plasma endotoxin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were decreased during the hemoperfusion. Arterial oxygenation was also improved during and after the process. Furthermore, the survival time was significantly extended (>72 h vs. 47.5 h for median survival time). The novel product PVDF-Ser could adsorb endotoxin with high safety and efficacy. Early use of extracorporeal hemoperfusion with the new adsorber could reduce the levels of circulating endotoxin, IL-6, and TNF-α, besides improve respiratory function and consequent 72 h-survival rate of the septic pigs. Endotoxin removal strategy with blood purification using the new adsorber renders a potential promising future in sepsis therapy.     

浅谈非结构化网络课程

武法提教授曾将网络学习资源以知识传递的顺序和组织的方式分为结构化与非结构化学习资源,网络课程作为网络学习资源的主要形式也可分为结构化与非结构化网络课程.调查发现,现今的网络课程多为结构化形式,非结构化网络课程对人们来说还是个陌生的名词.     

Exploring stakeholders’ attitudes and beliefs regarding behaviors that prevent the spread of invasive species

The Theory of Planned Behavior was used as a framework for investigating recreationists’ attitudes, subjective norms, and behavioral control beliefs pertaining to behaviors that reduce the spread of invasive species. A series of focus groups comprised of gardeners, fishers, hunters, and boaters was convened in Oregon, USA. Findings indicate six belief barriers to changing leisure behaviors. These are the attitudes that: (1) behaviors, such as using pesticides, may be worse for the environment than invasive species; and (2) the fight against invasive species is a losing battle. Also, the norm beliefs that: (3) invasive species management is a low priority for many institutions; and (4) the general public does not know and does not care about invasive species. Finally, the behavioral control beliefs that: (5) one does not know enough about invasive species preventive behaviors to be effective; and (6) recommended preventive behaviors are too difficult to perform. Understanding the beliefs that inhibit behavior changes can help inform the creation of effective campaigns to engage stakeholders in finding solutions to halt the spread of invasive species, as well as provide a foundation on which to build additional research. Findings suggest that the first steps to overcoming these belief barriers include developing targeted education and communication to influence existing norms and beliefs.     

Encouraging a Culture of Research in Practicing Teachers in Singapore

Upgrading the status of early childhood teaching and improving job satisfaction are areas of concern to practitioners, policy makers and other stakeholders in the early childhood field. Ways to upgrade practicing teachers, including their involvement in research, is an on-going challenge. This paper reports on a research in Singapore where a sample of practicing teachers was asked about their views on practitioner research. The interviews focused on the possible challenges faced by practitioners in implementing practitioner inquiry research. In addition, the participants discussed changes that can be made to support practitioner inquiry research in early childhood settings in Singapore.     

基于Meta分析的西方国家健身走项目研究述评

在回顾西方国家健身走项目开展情况的基础上,阐明健身走项目的锻炼目标、评价指标、干预方式及当前研究局限,综合评价不同干预变量。通过Meta分析及文献筛选发现:健身走项目对参与者步数、身体成分指数和体重具有中等程度的干预效果,对腰围、收缩压和舒张压的影响较小;目标设定和奖励对参与者步数的增加具有正面影响,奖励对参与者身体成分指数变化也具有正面影响。     

我国体育公共服务研究评述及展望

为了从整体上把握体育公共服务研究的进展,运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法等方法,对体育公共服务的概念、供给模式、体系以及均等化的相关研究进行梳理总结,结果表明:在以往有关体育公共服务研究中,不仅存在概念混用的问题,而且宏观论证多,微观论证少。后续研究的重点方向是不同层级政府间体育公用服务的职责、体育公共服务体系的运行机制、体育公共服务的模式以及体育公用服务的标准。