Eckpunkte des Universitätsrechts-Änderungsgesetzes 2009 (Teil 1)

In Abkehr von ihrer Einrichtung als auf demokratischer Partizipation basie- render Bundesdienststellen, nach UOG, wurden die staatlichen Universitäten ab dem UOG 1993 zunehmend in Richtung eigenverantwortlicher "Bildungsbetriebe" umge- baut. Diese auf Deregulierung und Dezentralisierung universitärer Handlungspara- meter abstellende Entwicklung fand ihren vorläufigen Höhepunkt in der Umwandlung der Universitäten in vollrechtsfähige juristische Personen, durch das UG (2002). Die aufrechte Funktion des Staates als Erhalter und insb Financier der Universitäten hat zu einem auf universitäre Leistung und Verantwortung gegründeten Beziehungs- system zwischen Staat, Gesellschaft und Universitäten geführt, das auch mit Rechts- unsicherheiten und Friktionen behaftet ist. Der bisher letzte Schritt in Richtung des intendierten umfassenden "Kulturwandels" der Universitäten wurde mit dem Universitätsrechts-Änderungsgesetz 2009 getan, das eine umfassende Novellierung der bisher geltenden Rechtslage beinhaltet.     

The conflict between on-task and off-task actions in the classroom and its consequences for motivation and achievement

The relations between students’ value orientations, decisions in conflicts between on-task and off-task actions in the classroom, and experiences of motivational interference following these conflicts were investigated. It was expected that well-being value orientation was positively linked and achievement value orientation was negatively linked to decision for off-task behavior in such conflicts and that the higher students’ well-being value orientation, the higher their motivational impairment when deciding for the on-task behavior and the lower when deciding for the off-task behavior. For achievement orientation, the relationships were predicted to be reversed. The experience of motivational interference while performing on-task behavior was, in turn, expected to be related to worse grades. Data from 817 students (mean age 13.44) from 35 classrooms were collected using self-report questionnaires and analyzed in a series of hierarchical linear models. Analyses showed the relationships as predicted. All relationships found were comparable to the relationships found for a conflict between school and leisure actions after class. Results point out that even if students resist the off-task temptation in class, the mere possibility of off-task behavior can impair motivation and achievement.     

华中神农架气候梯度上的维管束植物物种多样性

Ｆｒｏｍａｇｌｏｂａｌｖｉｅｗｐｏｉｎｔ ,ｔｈｅｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｏｆｂｉｏｄｉ ｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｃａｎｂｅａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄｗｉｔｈｃｌｉｍａｔｅ[1] .Ａｍａｊｏｒｉｔｙｏｆｐａｔｔｅｒｎｓｏｆｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｄｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｃａｎａｌｓｏｂｅｅｘｐｌａｉｎｅｄｉｎｔｅｒｍｓｏｆｃｌｉｍａｔｉｃｇｒａｄｉｅｎｔｓ[2 5] .Ｗｉｔｈｉｎａｇｉｖｅｎｍｏｕｎ ｔａｉｎｒａｎｇｅ ,ｃｌｉｍａｔｅｍａｙａｆｆｅｃｔｔｈｅｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎａｎｄａｂｕｎｄａｎｃｅｏｆｐｌａｎｔｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｓｉ…     

Stichwort: Bildungsökonomie und Qualität der Schulbildung

Keyword: Education Economics and Quality of Schooling. With reference to an earlier keyword article from the same author, this contribution looks at recent developments in education economics. The focus is a critical review of the field‘s contribution to research on the necessary conditions for high quality schooling. Of particular interest at the moment are the institutional framework conditions in a school system, which set incentives for performance. These are judged to be better than resource-based strategies of quality assurance. The empirical basis is provided by estimates of production functions using data from international school performance studies. This article will point out the limited validity of evidence gained through these studies and the – in sum – contradictory empirical findings. For this reason, political recommendations on the basis of this approach should be more reserved.     

The Works of Orrin Dunlap

Julien Caunter's How to Make Movie Magic in Amateur Films (Philadelphia: Chilton Books, 1971---price not known)

Stanley J. Solomon The Film Idea (New York: Harcourt, Brace, Javanovich, March 1972---$4.95 paper)

Jerry Lewis' The Total Filmmaker (New York: Random House, 1971---$6.95)

William Bayer's Breaking Through, Selling Out, Dropping Dead, and Other Notes on Film Making (New York: Macmillan, 1971---$5.95)

Alan Rosenthal (ed.) The New Documentary in Action: A Casebook in Film Making (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971---$11.95)     

Lead soaps in paintings: Friends or foes?

The origin(s) and role(s) of metal soaps in paints are a worldwide concern today. These hybrid compounds, containing both fatty acid chains and metals associated with a carboxylate function, are increasingly identified in paints. As reviewed in the first part of this work, the presence of metal soaps in paints is differently interpreted in scientific publications: metal soaps are sometimes considered to play a positive role as anchor points, during paint drying processes; they can also be considered as responsible for many degradation processes (protrusions, efflorescences, darkening, etc.). Their origins are also interpreted in various ways. In some paintings (in particular from the twentieth century), they have sometimes introduced on purpose, as additives, to modify the physical properties of the painting materials. In older paintings, metal soaps are usually thought to result from an uncontrolled reaction of oil with lead-based pigments, in particular lead white, red lead, and lead tin yellow. In the second part of this work, the review of historical recipes of lead-based paint shows an important number of recipes based on controlled mixing of oil with lead driers. In the third part, the experimental reproduction of such traditional recipes using walnut oil and litharge (PbO) shows that lead soaps can be formed, both in about one hour at ～100°C, or in about one month at room temperature. It shows as well that after a few years, litharge is no longer detected in the paint medium, while different lead carbonates are. Finally, the micro-infrared spectroscopy and micro-X-ray diffraction re-analysis of protrusions from a nine-year model painting shows together with lead soaps, the presence of Pb₅(CO₃)₃(OH)₂O (‘synthetic plumbonacrite’), an unusual phase recently observed in a protrusion from a painting by Vincent Van Gogh. This work highlights (i) the multiple origins and roles of metal soaps in paints and (ii) the importance of combining the analysis of fragments from historical paintings with the analysis and reproduction of historical recipes. In particular, we show that the components detected today in historical paintings may severely differ from those originally used or prepared by the painter, complicating the assessment of the painter's intentions. More than the presence of metal soaps, the key questions to be tackled should be about their origins and (re)mobilization.     

FACILITATING THE DEVELOPMENT OF TALENTS

World class pioneering achievements are a nation's most valuable asset. They arise from the efforts of talents‐people of extraordinary ability. The vital task of fostering the emergence of such talents requires a concentrated effort covering the entire lifespan. Significant factors are parents, contemporaries and teachers as well as media, the societal atmosphere and contact with great social and scientific issues. These must act together to produce talents with not only the ability but also the dedication to achieve.

     

The “Biglan model” and the smart messenger: A case study of eponym diffusion

The Biglan model, a classification system arraying academic fields and disciplines into eight cells, is frequently cited and has become a generally accepted new eponym in the field of higher education. Bibliographic indicators and co-citation patterns document that John Smart (and associates) introduced the eponym to the field, but he is never expressly acknowledged for the contribution. Over time, the eponym may be taking on new, more theoretical, meaning. As this eponym becomes further diffused throughout the literature, there are signs that citations to the Smart messenger may diminish, along with obliteration of the formal citation of Biglan. The disappearance of citations is not atypical, nor is it a violation of normal scholarly practices but, in fact, it undermines the veracity of typical bibliometric studies of intellectual influence structures.