Prediction of the P-leaching potential of arable soils in areas with high livestock densities

Due to long-term positive P-balances many surface soils in areas with high livestock density in Germany are oversupplied with available P, creating a potential for vertical P losses by leaching. In extensive studies to characterize the endangering of ground water to P pollution by chemical soil parameters it is shown that the available P content and the P concentration of the soil solution in the deeper soil layers, as indicators of the P-leaching potential, cannot be satisfactorily predicted from the available P content of the topsoils. The P equilibrium concentration in the soil solution directly above ground water table or the pipe drainage system highly depends on the relative saturation of the P-sorption capacity in this layer. A saturation index of 〈20% normally corresponds with P equilibrium concentrations of〈0.2 mg P/L. Phytoremediation may reduce the P leaching potential of P-enriched soils only over a very long period.     

Stichwort: Der Mythos der nordischen Bildungssysteme

This paper deals with the question of whether the educational outcomes of the Nordic countries displayed in international comparative studies justify the legendary-status of fair and high-performing Nordic educational systems which is often discussed in Germany. To answer this question, the results of the Nordic countries in the past three surveys of the “Programme for International Student Assessment” (PISA) are presented. The results show that not all of the Nordic countries reach outstanding results in all of the investigated domains. It is only Finland that is always, without exception, found at the top of the international comparison. At the same time, the findings point out that the Nordic countries deal with the social disparities that students bring to school successfully. When considering contextual factors on a school and classroom level, however, the Nordic countries only differ slightly from the OECD average. To conclude, on the basis of the results achieved in the international comparative study PISA, an idealisation of the Nordic educational systems hardly seems justified.     

Stratifikationen im Bereich der Hochschulbildung in Deutschland

Until recently there have been no universities or study programs in Germany that were connected to claims for top level positions in the field of higher education. However, by now efforts to vertically differentiate higher education are increasing and emphasize differences in quality. Such efforts have so far been observed with respect to research. In contrast, this article focusses on stratificatory efforts that are primarily connected to education at universities. It is based on cases studies in the field of graduate schools funded by the German excellence initiative and in the field of private higher education institutions that belong to law, business, and the social sciences and try to positions themselves as top level institutions. The first part addresses specific forms in which stratification is institutionalized in the field of higher education at present. The second part then exemplifies the various ways in which vertical differentiation is mobilized along a common attribute in both fields—internationality. We show that stratification is not a monolithic process but involves highly complex differentiations along various attributes and in multiple ways.     

Triathlon transition study: quantifying differences in running movement pattern and precision after bike-run transition

Various publications discuss the discrepancies of running in triathlons and stand-alone runs. However, those methods, such as analysing step-characteristics or ground-contact time, lack the ability to quantitatively discriminate between subtle running differences. The attractor method can be applied to overcome those shortcomings. The purpose was to detect differences in athletes’ running patterns (δM) and movement precision (δD) by comparing a 5,000 m run after a prior cycling session (TRun) with an isolated run over the same distance (IRun). Participants completed the conditions on a track and a stationary trainer, allowing the use of their personal bike to simulate an Olympic triathlon. During each run, three-dimensional acceleration data, using sensors attached to the ankles, were collected. Results showed that both conditions lead to elevated attractor parameters (δM and δD) over the initial five minutes before the athletes found their rhythm. This generates a new perspective because independent of running after a bike session or without preload, an athlete needs certain time to adjust to the running movement. Coaches must consider this factor as another tool to fine-tune pacing and performance. Moreover, the attractor method is a novel approach to gain deeper insight into human cyclic motions in athletic contexts.     

Motivational interference in school-leisure conflict and learning outcomes: The differential effects of two value conceptions

It was hypothesized that students' value orientations are connected to their experience of motivational interference in a conflict between a school- and a leisure-related activity as well as to school marks as indicators of learning outcomes. In a self-report study with Italian adolescents (N = 433; M = 14.5 years) using a school-leisure conflict scenario, first, the relations between the 10 values introduced by Schwartz and the Inglehart-based Achievement and Well-being value orientations were investigated. Correlations and multidimensional scaling analysis showed overlaps as well as differences between the two sets of value variables. Regression analyses revealed that the Schwartz values were significantly related to the experience of motivational interference during studying and during leisure as well as to school marks. The inclusion of Achievement and Well-being value orientations explained additional variance of the three dependent variables. The relevance of individual values in explaining students' reactions to motivational conflicts is highlighted.     

MOTOMAN-EA1400N机器人控制电路的改进

MOTOMAN-EA1400N焊接机器人在使用中,出现1302重大报警,检查结果为电源接通单元JZNC-NTU01基板损坏。通过采用隔离电路的形式,加装小型电磁继电器等,投入少,安装方便、简易,彻底解决了电源接通单元JZNC-NTU01基板损坏问题,节约了维修成本,提高了生产效率。     

Rechtsprechung/Volltext

Rechtsprechung

Rechtsprechung/Volltext