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991.
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The use of problem-solving in meaningful learning in biology 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Margaret Brumby 《Research in Science Education》1981,11(1):103-110
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995.
David W. Johnson Roger Johnson Margaret Tiffany Brian Zaidman 《Contemporary educational psychology》1983,8(2):189-200
The effect of cooperative and individualistic learning experiences within which majority students worked with lower-achieving minority peers were compared. A number of theories predict that when white students collaborate with lower-achieving minority students prejudice and rejection will increase. These theories were tested against a counter position that working collaboratively promotes liking regardless of differences in achievement. Forty-eight students (20 minority and 28 white) were assigned to conditions on a stratified random basis controlling for ethnic membership, sex, social class, and ability level. They participated in the study for 55 min a day for 15 instructional days. The results indicate that cooperative learning experiences, compared with individualistic ones, promoted higher achievement for minority students, more cross-ethnic interaction aimed at supporting and regulating efforts to learn and ensuring the active involvement of all students, and greater cross-ethnic interpersonal attraction. The results do not support the theories that posit equal achievement levels are necessary for successful integration and do support the position that cooperative experiences result in liking regardless of the ethnic membership or achievement level of collaborators. 相似文献
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997.
This paper addresses the following questions:What makes the community of practice concept an intriguing framework for developing library services for bioinformatics? What is the campus context and setting? What has been the Health Sciences Library's role in bioinformatics at the University of North Carolina (UNC) Chapel Hill? What are the Health Sciences Library's goals? What services are currently offered? How will these services be evaluated and developed? How can libraries demonstrate their value? Providing library services for an emerging community such as bioinformatics and computational biology presents special challenges for libraries including understanding needs, defining and communicating the library's role, building relationships within the community, preparing staff, and securing funding. Like many academic health sciences libraries, the University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill Health Sciences Library is addressing these challenges in the context of its overall mission and goals. 相似文献
998.
Science education needs valid, authentic, and efficient assessments. Many typical science assessments primarily measure recall of isolated information. This paper reports on the validation of assessments that measure knowledge integration ability among middle school and high school students. The assessments were administered to 18,729 students in five states. Rasch analyses of the assessments demonstrated satisfactory item fit, item difficulty, test reliability, and person reliability. The study showed that, when appropriately designed, knowledge integration assessments can be balanced between validity and reliability, authenticity and generalizability, and instructional sensitivity and technical quality. Results also showed that, when paired with multiple‐choice items and scored with an effective scoring rubric, constructed‐response items can achieve high reliabilities. Analyses showed that English language learner status and computer use significantly impacted students' science knowledge integration abilities. Students who took the assessment online, which matched the format of content delivery, performed significantly better than students who took the paper‐and‐pencil version. Implications and future directions of research are noted, including refining curriculum materials to meet the needs of diverse students and expanding the range of topics measured by knowledge integration assessments. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 48: 1079–1107, 2011 相似文献
999.
Margaret Sinclair Ami Mamolo Walter J. Whiteley 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2011,78(2):135-163
This article focuses on the development and problematization of a task designed to foster spatial visual sense in prospective
and practicing elementary and middle school teachers. We describe and analyse the cyclical stages of developing, testing,
and modifying several “task drafts” related to ideas around dilation and proportion. Challenged by participant non-actions
and non-responses, we as task designers identified and anticipated sources of difficulties, which motivated repeated modification
of the task to further the intended learning goals. The task in its present form incorporates numerous considerations including
choices around materials, wording of questions and prompts, and sequencing of experiences. It also reflects our enriched understanding
of exploration strategies and the roles of manipulatives and technology in spatial visual tasks designed for adult learners. 相似文献
1000.
The Honours undergraduate degree in Australia is unlike that in most other countries. It has taken on a particular significance
as a qualification, as a pathway to and a pre-requisite for direct entry into doctoral programs. This paper explores the outcomes
of a study that suggests that the aims, outcomes, curriculum, pedagogical practices, purposes and enrolment patterns of Honours
vary substantially across disciplines and university types. It addresses the questions about the diverse nature of Honours
programs and questions what this diversity means for Australian higher education in the context where global standardisation
of awards is rapidly occurring. Honours is seen variously as a qualification, an experience, or a program. These variations
are discussed and it is demonstrated that Honours globally has not one, but many meanings. These meanings are often poorly
understood within, and outside the academy. These multiple meanings create confusion about what Honours stands for and inhibit
communication about the role and purpose of Honours both within Australia and in a global context. 相似文献