Analizando los discursos de las prácticas alfabetizadoras desde la perspectiva de la teoría de la actividad

Resumen

Las maneras de hablar en la escuela transmiten maneras de pensar y de saber, así como estructuran la experiencia y el conocimiento. Este estudio se propone describir e interpretar el tipo de prácticas discursivas que pueden construirse en un «evento alfabetizador», en particular un tipo de discusión en el aula de clase, en este caso una discusión sobre un relato. Dado que el habla en la escuela se usa en contextos conversacionales, el estudio integra una perspectiva vygotskiana con una conversacional, específicamente, la propuesta por Levinson. Siguiendo esta aproximación, se han identificado secuencias de movimientos conversacionales, en situaciones de disputa y de coconstrucción de episodios. Esta perspectiva de análisis se complementa encuadrando la tarea y los datos resultantes en la teoría de la actividad propuesta por Leont'ev tomando en consideranción alguna de sus recientes aplicaciones para el análisis de la actividad conjunta. Los diferentes componentes de este evento social en la alfabetización temprana fueron interpretados de acuerdo con esta aproximación. El estudio demuestra cómo el maestro y los niños pueden acomodarse unos a otros recíprocamente, apropiando sus diferentes perspectivas en el curso de un evento alfabetizador.     

Interactive television: A model of analysis of business economic dynamics

Abstract

Between 1996 and 2001 over $13 trillion dollars was invested in information and telecommunications industries based on the vision of expanding markets and a pro competitive law know as the Telecommunications Act of 1996 ("'96 Act"). Since 2001 investment has substantially shrunk along with expectations about growth and new opportunities in converging information, communications and entertainment ("ICE") industries.

This paper identifies how stakeholders and governments made false assumptions about the near term future of telecommunications demand and the prospects for seamless convergence of information and telecommunications technologies and markets. The paper provides suggestions on how national legislatures and regulators should respond to current circumstances.     

In‐service Training of Primary School Teachers: an Example with the use of Computers

An approach effective in helping primary school teachers master thermal phenomena is presented. It is centred on experimental activities of teachers and the use of computer simulations closely linked to their laboratory activity. Teachers’ ideas on the subject and their difficulties are reported jointly with remedy strategies.     

Retrospective cytological evaluation of indeterminate thyroid nodules according to the British Thyroid Association 2014 classification and comparison of clinical evaluation and outcomes

The cytology of 130 indeterminate nodules (Thy 3) was retrospectively reviewed according to the British Thyroid Association 2014 classification. Nodules were divided into Thy 3a (atypical features) and Thy 3f (follicular lesion) categories. Histology was available as a reference for 97 nodules. Pre-surgical evaluations comprised biochemical tests, color-Doppler ultrasonography (US), semi-quantitative elastography-US (USE), contrast-enhanced US (CEUS), and mutation analysis from cytological slides. Thyroid malignancy was the final diagnosis for 19% of surgically-treated nodules. No statistically significant difference in the risk of malignancy was found between Thy 3a (26%) and Thy 3f (14%) nodules. Histology of the Thy 3a and Thy 3f nodules showed a higher incidence of Hurtle cell adenomas in Thy 3f (29%) than in Thy 3a (3%) nodules (P=0.01). The only pre-surgical difference concerned the BRAF V600E mutation, which was positive in some Thy 3a but not in any Thy 3f nodules (P=0.04). Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to obtain cut-off values from US (score), USE (ELX 2/1 strain index), and CEUS (time-topeak index and peak index) data. The cut-off values were similar for Thy 3a and Thy 3f nodules. Data showed that malignancy can be suspected if the US score is >2, ELX 1/2 strain index >1, time-to-peak index >1, and peak index <1. In a sub-group of 24 revised nodules (12 Thy 3a and 12 Thy 3f) with histology as a reference, the diagnostic power of cumulative pre-surgical analysis by means of US, USE, and CEUS showed high positive and negative predictive values (83% and 100%, respectively) for the presence of malignancy in Thy 3a and Thy 3f nodules. In conclusion, in our series of revised Thy 3 nodules, malignancy was low and displayed no significant differences between Thy 3a and Thy 3f categories. The use of cut-offs based on histology as a reference could reduce surgery. Our data support the conviction that, in mutation-negative Thy 3a and Thy 3f nodules, observation should be the first choice when not all instrumental results are suspect.     

Technical change and the industrial district: The role of interfirm relations in the growth and transformation of ceramic tile production in Italy

This paper considers two aspects of technical change in the ceramic tile industry in Italy: firstly, the process of invention, adoption and diffusion of new techniques in the industry; secondly, the impact of forces of a technical nature in shaping the industrial structure.The process of technical change is examined in the light of the interrelationships between firms and their proximity. These are crucial elements characterizing an “industrial district”, whose boundaries go beyond the industry defined on a product basis. The industrial district is adopted as unit of analysis of the process of technical change. Moreover, economic, social and institutional features are considered. In this context the historical developments of new techniques are discussed in terms of the constraints to the established position of the firm at a particular time.Among the determinants of the ceramic tile industrial structure, economies of scale have had a minor role. The pattern of vertical disintegration we observe in the industry is - instead - closely related to the technical developments in the industry through the effects of technical change on the product and process specialization of the production units operating in the industrial district.     

生态博物馆:政府的角色

引言 首先让我感谢“2005年中国生态博物馆国际论坛”的组织，能够使我们有机会了解所感兴趣的中国化和环境。中国有13亿人口，正在变为世界的地理政治中心。中国为西方世界提供了机会和挑战。我相信这对于我们国家很重要，对于共同感兴趣的事情，通过公共机构和其他积极部门的共同参与，建立相互理解和合作。     

Phonological and lexical reading in Italian children with dyslexia

In this study we explore the development of phonological and lexical reading in dyslexic children. We tested a group of 14 Italian children who have been diagnosed with dyslexia and whose reading age is end of grade 1. We compared this group with a group of 70 typically developing children who have been tested for reading at the end of grade 1. For each dyslexic child we also selected a participant who was attending the same grade, was close in age, and showed typical reading development when tested with a narrative passage reading task (Cornoldi, Colpo, & Gruppo MT, 1981) for correctness and reading speed. Children in this group are “same grade controls.” We used a reading task consisting of 40 three syllables words. A qualitative and quantitative method of coding children’s naming allowed us to distinguish several components of their reading performance: the grapheme and word recognition, the size of orthographic units involved in the aloud orthography–phonology conversion, the reading process used to recognize words. The comparison of the dyslexic group with the reading age and the same grade control groups reveals different trends of delayed reading processes. Considering dyslexic children’s chronological age, lexical reading is greatly delayed. Considering dyslexic children’s reading age, the type of reading process that is more deeply delayed is phonological reading. The rate of fragmented phonological reading (i.e., a type of syllabized phonological reading) is much higher in dyslexic children compared to the reading age group, suggesting that some factors undermine the possibility of internalizing the orthography–phonology conversion and the blending processes.