Physical activity and executive control: implications for increased cognitive health during older adulthood

Electrocortical and behavioral responses of low, moderate, and high physically active older adults were compared with a younger control group on neutral and incompatible conditions of a flankers task. Compared to younger adults, high and moderate active older adults exhibited increased event-related potentials component P3 amplitude for the incompatible condition at the frontal electrode site. For the neutral condition, only low active older adults exhibited decreased amplitude at the central-parietal site, compared to younger adults. P3 latency revealed the longest latencies for low active older adults, followed by moderate active, high active, and younger adults, respectively. Reaction time (RT) data revealed that younger adults exhibited faster RT compared to all three older groups. Results suggest that physical activity may improve executive control function in older adults by affecting the distribution of P3 amplitude, which has been related to memory and attentional processes, and by decreasing P3 latency, which relates to the speed of cognitive processing.     

道德规范与国书馆事业

美国图书馆协会的<职业道德规范声明>提出了以图书馆事业为中心的具体原则,其<图书馆权利法案>则明确了图书馆的责任和义务.目前,美国社会和政治环境的变化为图书馆职业带来了越来越多的忧虑和压力."9·11"后出台的<爱国者法案>明显与图书馆职业道德规范中所阐述的重要原则相冲突.因此,美国图书馆协会决心抵制<爱国者法案>对知识、信息自由开放以及行使个人隐私权的限制.     

Using focus groups to guide development of a public health Web site

This paper explores a project funded through the National Network of Libraries of Medicine to enhance effective use of the Internet by public health professionals. The processes and outcome of an effort to develop a statewide Web site for public health professionals are described. A series of focus groups was conducted as a preliminary data-gathering tool to evaluate the information needs of the target population. Results of the focus group provided a valuable framework upon which to build a successful schema for Web site development.     

Making sense of autoimmune and rheumatic disorders at the reference desk

This paper discusses concepts and terminology of some aspects of the autoimmune and rheumatic disorders as related to medical reference work. Details of anatomic, biochemical, and pathologic processes are not discussed. Knowledge of the specific terminology involved in this area may help to ensure a good approach to developing prudent strategies for database searching of the medical literature and, therefore, is reviewed. MeSH thesaurus terms are shown and textword synonyms are presented that provide tools for thorough searching techniques. Commonly used medical jargon as well as older terminology for this area is also explained. Examples of specific search strategies are illustrated.     

Charging mechanisms for digitised texts

This article is an edited and condensed version of the report of a study carried out under the auspices of the Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) and the Publishers Association (PA). It develops the conclusions of an earlier analysis (Bide, Oppenheim & Ramsden, 1997) and builds upon discussions between representatives of JISC and the PA held in the summer of 1997. The full report is available on the UKOLN server at www.ukoln.ac.uk/services/elib/papers/pa/charging/