美国早期特殊教育师资培养体系反思及启示

早期特殊教育不仅在促进每个障碍儿童的发展和提高其家庭生活质量方面起着至关重要的作用,而且有着巨大的社会效益和经济效益,是和谐社会的重要组成部分。美国法律规定0—21岁的所有障碍儿童有权获得免费和适当的教育,由具有专业化水平的相关人员为这些儿童提供服务和支持。本文从政策层面到实践层面对美国的早期特殊教育师资培养体系进行了系统、全面地分析,了解其现状和存在的挑战,以及未来发展的趋势,以期为促进我国早期特殊教育师资培养体系的发展提供一些理论和实践上的参考。     

Effects of Perinatal HIV Infection and Early Institutional Rearing on Physical and Cognitive Development of Children in Ukraine

To study the effects of perinatal HIV-1 infection and early institutional rearing on the physical and cognitive development of children, 64 Ukrainian uninfected and HIV-infected institutionalized and family-reared children were examined (mean age = 50.9 months). Both HIV infection and institutional care were related to delays in physical and cognitive development, with a larger effect of the rearing environment. Family care, even of compromised quality, was found to be more favorable for children's physical and cognitive development than institutional care. The impact of the quality of child care on physical and cognitive development is discussed in light of future interventions.     

Infusing Multicultural Education: A Process of Creating Organizational Change at the College Level

Organizational change directed at infusing multicultural education into an institutional unit such as a college requires attention to the organizational culture of that unit. The authors use the concept of second-order organizational change (Levy & Merry, 1986) as a way to conceptualize the nature of the change associated with infusing multicultural education within a large College of Education. The authors describe a four-year process of organizational change in which qualitative changes to the organization's culture occured in support of multicultural education. Key elements of change include the values and norms that support organizational policies and practices. Lessons learned are included.     

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FreeForAll is an international collaboration of libraries whose mission is to provide underserved nations with health science journal articles for free and to foster lending between nations through the creation of a database of international libraries’ (non–North American) holdings.