浅谈体育教学中的语言艺术

体育教学语言是教师向学生传授知识的载体,交流情感的方式及培养人才的工具,亦是影响教学效果的重要因素之一.通过对体育教学语言的分类、特点及其运用方法的论述,着重阐明了体育教学语言指令性、调节性和感染性特点;语言修养及教育性、准确性和生动性等要求.     

试述现代科学训练的主要特征

根据现代运动训练学科的发展趋势,从运动训练的过程、人员机构和外部联系3个主要方面对现代科学训练的特征进行论述.     

The Model American Foundation Officer: Alan Gregg and the Rockefeller Foundation Medical Divisions

From 1919 to 1951, Alan Gregg and his mentor, Richard Pearce, directed the Medical Education and Medical SciencesDivisions of the Rockefeller Foundation. Although they oversaw the expenditure of millions of dollars, today they are forgotten. Yet, the system that Gregg administered became the model for the funding of biomedical research after the Second World War. This paper draws on the records of the Rockefeller Foundation to assess Gregg and his impact on biomedicine and philanthropy.     

The reliability of distance run tests for children in grades K-4.

The purpose of this study was to determine test-retest reliability for the 1-mile, 3/4-mile, and 1/2-mile distance run/alk tests for children in Grades K-4. Fifty-one intact physical education classes were randomly assigned to one of the three distance run conditions. A total of 1,229 (621 boys, 608 girls) completed the test-retests in the fall (October), with 1,050 of these students (543 boys, 507 girls) repeating the tests in the spring (May). Results indicated that the 1-mile run/walk distance, as recommended for young children in most national test batteries, has acceptable intraclass reliability (.83 less than R less than .90) for both boys and girls in Grades 3 and 4, has minimal (fall) to acceptable (spring) reliability for Grade 2 students (.70 less than R less than .83), but is not reliable for children in Grades K and 1 (.34 less than R less than .56). The 1/2 mile was the only distance meeting minimal reliability standards for boys and girls in Grades K and 1 (.73 less than R less than .82). Results also indicated that reliability estimates remained fairly stable across gender and age groups from the fall to spring testing periods, with the exception of the noticeably improved values for Grade 2 students on the 1-mile run/walk test. Criterion-referenced reliability (P, percent agreement) was also estimated relative to Physical Best and Fitnessgram run/walk standards. Reliability coefficients for all age group standards were acceptable to high (.70 less than P less than .95), except for Fitnessgram standards for 5-year-old girls on the 1-mile test for both fall and spring and for 6-year-old boys and girls on the 1-mile test administered in the spring.     

综合消除运动疲劳措施效果的初步观察

为解决优秀青少年运动员科学训练问题,对综合消除运动疲劳措施的效果进行了研究。31名受试者采用综合消除疲劳措施(健身按摩椅、带式按摩机、水负离子发生器及音乐等),于训练后放松平均252±10.2min。结果表明:综合消除疲劳措施有使小腿肌肉硬度下降、血流改善、中枢神经系统及神经肌肉功能改善等效果。经对3名重点队员追踪观察2周表明,在运动量相对较大的训练周中,身体机能恢复较好。