Meet Them Where They Are: An Outreach Model to Address University Counseling Center Disparities

ABSTRACT

Although University Counseling Centers continue to report increased rates of served students, those who hold marginalized identities continue to be underrepresented. Many factors may contribute to such discrepancies, including stigma, access, and trust in providers. College students across the nation have recently called for an increase in the number of professionals who identify as racially/ethnically diverse. The current article reviews one university’s response to their own students’ call for action, and particularly explores how the program was implemented and its associated costs and benefits. Considerations for other university administrators seeking to employ similar methods are discussed.     

Instructional design for advanced learners: Establishing connections between the theoretical frameworks of cognitive load and deliberate practice

Cognitive load theory (CLT) has been successful in identifying instructional formats that are more effective and efficient than conventional problem solving in the initial, novice phase of skill acquisition. However, recent findings regarding the “expertise reversal effect” have begun to stimulate cognitive load theorists to broaden their horizon to the question of how instructional design should be altered as a learner's knowledge increases. To answer this question, it is important to understand how expertise is acquired and what fosters its development. Expert performance research, and, in particular, the theoretical framework of deliberate practice have given us a better understanding of the principles and activities that are essential in order to excel in a domain. This article explores how these activities and principles can be used to design instructional formats based on CLT for higher levels of skills mastery. The value of these formats for e-learning environments in which learning tasks can be adaptively selected on the basis of online assessments of the learner's level of expertise is discussed. In their preparation of this article, the first and last authors were supported by an Internationalization grant from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO, The Hague, project number 411-01-010).     

生态安全的内涵及其研究意义

生态安全主要包括两个含义:一是生态系统自身是否安全;二是生态系统对于人类是否安全。生态安全的本质可以认为是围绕人类社会的可持续发展目的,促进经济、社会和生态三者之间和谐统一。影响安全的因素主要有生态环境问题、公共政策和公众素质。加强生态安全研究有诸多价值和意义:能够促进生态系统的可持续发展;对可持续发展概念起到补充和完善作用;有利于树立人们的生态安全意识;生态安全关系到国家安全及国民的生命与健康。     

Early Education in Ethiopia: Progress and Prospects

Explored herein are historical roots of preschool through elementary grade education in the East Africa nation of Ethiopia. Also included are current difficult challenges to educational improvement as well as promising developments such as greater involvement of private institutions, organizations, and individuals in supporting Ministry of Education reform initiatives.     

Reward and ideational fluency in preschool children

This study examined the effects of rewards on the ideational fluency of 75 preschool children. Assigned to a reward or nonreward condition, the children were administered two ideational fluency tasks, Unusual Uses and Pattern Meanings. Analyses revealed a significant main effect for reward on the ideational fluency components of originality, total fluency, and flexibility. In all cases the rewarded subjects scored lower than the nonrewarded group. These findings support the growing body of evidence that rewards are detrimental to creative functioning.     

Nobel Prize in Physics 2006

The discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation in 1965 was a defining moment in the history of cosmology — the science that deals with the universe as a whole, its origin, evolution and future. This discovery was recognized with Nobel Prizes to Penzias and Wilson in 1978. The Nobel Prize in Physics for 2006 further acknowledged the importance of the study of this background radiation. The precise measurement of the spectrum of this radiation and its variation across the sky have helped our understanding of the evolution of structures in the universe. This article explains these discoveries and their importance. T Padmanabhan is a professor at IUCAA, Pune. He is interested in all aspects of theoretical physics, and especially in those in which gravity plays a role.     

Low-Temperature Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO with NH<Subscript>3</Subscript> over Fe–Ce–O<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript> Catalysts

In this study, we used a simple impregnation method to prepare Fe–Ce–O _x catalysts and tested them regarding their low-temperature (200–300 °C) selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO using NH₃. We investigated the effects of Fe/Ce molar ratio, the gas hourly space velocity (GHSV), the stability and SO₂/H₂O resistance of the catalysts. The results showed that the FeCe(1:6)O _x (Ce/Fe molar ratio is 1:6) catalyst, which has some ordered parallel channels, exhibited good SCR performance. The FeCe(1:6)O _x catalyst had the highest NO conversion with an activity of 94–99% at temperatures between 200 and 300 °C at a space velocity of 28,800 h^?1. The NO conversion for the FeCe(1:6)O _x catalyst also reached 80–98% between 200 and 300 °C at a space velocity of 204,000 h^?1. In addition, the FeCe(1:6)O _x catalyst demonstrated good stability in a 10-h SCR reaction at 200–300 °C. Even in the presence of SO₂ and H₂O, the FeCe(1:6)O _x catalyst exhibited good SCR performance.     

Mathematical Flexibility: Aspects of a Continuum and the Role of Prior Knowledge

Abstract

Psychologists and mathematics educators have long viewed flexibility as critical to students’ mathematical development. In this paper, we focused on the multidimensional nature of flexibility to better understand how preference, knowledge, and use of effective methods for solving algebra problems are related. In Study 1, we identified research-based aspects of flexibility with algebra and assessed students on them following a two-step equations unit. Results indicated that certain aspects of flexibility develop prior to others and that prior knowledge of algebra plays a significant role in that development. Study 2 confirmed and elaborated on these results using a larger sample size. Implications for theory and for supporting flexibility in classrooms are discussed.     

Noise assisted directed motion at the molecular level — 2

The term noise is used to describe fluctuations about the mean deterministic stationary value of a physical quantity. It is now being increasingly realised that noise is an important ingredient to bring order in dynamical processes. Though it appears counterintuitive, noise seems to help in directing transport processes in biological systems at the molecular level. In Part 2 of the article, we discuss some more examples of noise assisted directed motion.     

Relations Between Children's Invented Spelling and the Development of Phonological Awareness

The objective of this study was to assess the impact on phonological skills of a training program that was intended to lead preschool children to move from prephonetic spellings to early phonemic spellings. The participants were 30 preschool children who were divided into two groups (experimental and control groups) that were equivalent in terms of the children's intelligence, the number of letters with which they were familiar and the nature of their invented spelling. The intervention proved effective, inasmuch as the children in the experimental group moved to early phonemic spellings, whereas those in the control group did not. This conceptual evolution entailed enhanced performance in phonemic classification, segmentation and deletion tests, in which the children in the experimental group displayed a degree of progress which differed significantly from that achieved by the members of the control group.