A Longitudinal Investigation of Conflict and Delay Inhibitory Control in Toddlers and Preschoolers

Research Findings: A total of 81 children participated in a longitudinal investigation of inhibitory control (IC) from 2 to 4 years of age. Child IC was measured via maternal report and laboratory measures under conditions of conflict and delay. Performance on delay IC tasks at 3 years was related to performance on these same tasks at 2 and 4 years, but performance on conflict IC tasks was not related over time. Delay IC task performance was concurrently related to conflict IC task performance in 3- and 4-year-olds but was not related in 2-year-olds. Measures of IC varied in their associations with measures of verbal ability and maternal-report IC. Such findings highlight important similarities and distinctions between conflict and delay IC abilities in their relation to one another and to temperament and language over time. Practice or Policy: Studies of IC and related concepts reveal that children who are regulated enjoy school more and have higher school competence, particularly in mathematics and reading achievement. Because conflict IC and delay IC show unique patterns of development over time, educators can expect classroom behaviors drawing on the state-like conflict IC to show more fluctuation over time than those drawing on the trait-like delay IC.     

Transforming Perceptions of Urban Education: Lessons From Rowan University's Urban Teacher Academy

To be an effective urban educator requires teachers to understand the contextual factors of students, the school, and the community, and their cumulative effects on learning. Urban teacher academies support a better understanding of urban classrooms and challenge stereotypes of the urban context. The focus of this study was to compare participants' perceptions of urban settings before and after 2 weeks spent at an urban teacher academy for high school students.     

A hybrid system of pedagogical pattern recommendations based on singular value decomposition and variable data attributes

To carry out effective teaching/learning processes, lecturers in a variety of educational institutions frequently need support. They therefore resort to advice from more experienced lecturers, to formal training processes such as specializations, master or doctoral degrees, or to self-training. High costs in time and money are invariably involved in the processes of formal training, while self-training and advice each bring their own specific risks (e.g. of following new trends that are not fully evaluated or the risk of applying techniques that are inappropriate in specific contexts).This paper presents a system that allows lecturers to define their best teaching strategies for use in the context of a specific class. The context is defined by: the specific characteristics of the subject being treated, the specific objectives that are expected to be achieved in the classroom session, the profile of the students on the course, the dominant characteristics of the teacher, and the classroom environment for each session, among others. The system presented is the Recommendation System of Pedagogical Patterns (RSPP). To construct the RSPP, an ontology representing the pedagogical patterns and their interaction with the fundamentals of the educational process was defined. A web information system was also defined to record information on courses, students, lecturers, etc.; an option based on a unified hybrid model (for content and collaborative filtering) of recommendations for pedagogical patterns was further added to the system. RSPP features a minable view, a tabular structure that summarizes and organizes the information registered in the rest of the system as well as facilitating the task of recommendation. The data recorded in the minable view is taken to a latent space, where noise is reduced and the essence of the information contained in the structure is distilled. This process makes use of Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), commonly used by information retrieval and recommendation systems. Satisfactory results both in the accuracy of the recommendations and in the use of the general application open the door for further research and expand the role of recommender systems in educational teacher support processes.     

From Adultescents to Zoomers: An Examination of Age and Gender in Prime-Time Television

In sampling situation comedies and dramas airing on the six broadcast networks during the 2003–2004 prime-time season, this study examined the characterization of age and gender. Findings indicated that prime time over-represented individuals in their 30s and 40s and under-represented individuals 60 and older. Characters in their 20s enjoyed an extended adolescence, participating in more leisure and sexual activities than any other adult cohort. When characters 60 and older were seen at all, they wielded less occupational power, were less likely to be leaders, were less sexually active, and engaged in fewer leisure activities than younger characters. The authors concluded that prime-time offers a truncated view of adulthood.     

Topic: The morale of teachers in a world at war

Science Related to Life: Book Two, Heat and Health. By Reh. American Book Co., New York, 1932. Pp. 192.

Embryology. By Mary T. Haeman. Philadelphia: Lea &; Febiger, 1932. Pp. 2–476.

Educational Biology. By William H. Atwood and Elwood D. Heiss. Philadelphia: P. Blakiston's Son and Company, 1933. Pp. xiii + 475.

Problems in Biology. By George W. Hunter. New York: American Book Company, 1931. Pp. v + 706.

Practical Bacteriology. By T. J. Mackie and J. E. McCartney. New York: William Wood and Company, 1931. Pp. xv + 421.

The Collection and Preservation of Animal Forms. By Morris M. Wells. Chicago: General Biological Supply House, 1932. Pp. 72.

A Textbook of Histology. By J. Lewis Bremer. Philadelphia: P. Blakiston's Son &; Co., Inc. Pp. 568.

Elementary Bacteriology. By Joseph E. Graves and Ethelyn O. Graves. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company, 1932. Pp. 5–535.

Directing Language Power in the Elementary School Child. By Caroline J. Trommer and Teresa A. Regak. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1933. Pp. xii + 497.

Adventures, Book I; Trail Fires, Book II; Eastward Ho! Book III; Higher Levels, Book IV. By Grace Walker, Neli. F. Bartels and Mary E. Marye. (A series of work‐books) New York: Harcourt Brace and Company, 1932.

Effective Instructional Leadership. By a Committee, Rudolph D. Lindquist, Chairman. New York: Columbia University, 1933. Pp. ix + 183.

On Teaching English. By Howard Francis Seely. New York: American Book Company, 1933. Pp. xix + 391.

My Life Book. By Neal Stoddard. Cincinnati: American Book Company, 1933. Pp. vi + 106.

Fundamentals of Bookkeeping and Business. By Charles E. Bowman and Atlee L. Percy. Cincinnati: American Book Company, 1933. Pp. viii + 316.

The New First Course in Home Making. By Maude Richman Calvert and Anne E. Richardson. Atlanta: Smith, Hammond and Company, 1932. Pp. xiii + 507.

The Role of the Teacher in Personnel Work. By Ruth StranG. New York: Columbia University, 1932. Pp. xv + 332.

An Orientation Course in Education. By Joseph S. Butterweck and J. Conrad Seegers. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1933. Pp. vi + 392.

Education and Certification of Elementary Teachers. Frank P. Bachman. Field Study No. 5 of the Division of Surveys and Field Studies, Peabody College.

Modern School Administration—Its Problems and Progress. By John C. Almack. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1933. Pp. viii + 382.

The Evolving Common School. By Henry C. Morrison. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1933. Pp. 62.

State Scholarship Students at Hunter College of the City of New York. By Adele Bii dwrsee. New York: Columbia University, 1932. Pp. xii + 138.

Teaching History in the High School. Mary E. Peck. Published by the State Teachers College, Farmville, Virginia, 1933.

Forward Steps in Thinking and Writing. Wilson‐Rubado‐Scovlle and Johnson. Silver Burdett &; Co., 1933.

A Point Scale of Performance Tests. By Grace Arthur. New York: The Commonwealth Fund, 1933. Pp. xi + 106.

Principles of Genetics. By Edmund W. Sinnott and L. C. Dunn. New York: McGraw‐Hill Book Company, Inc., 1932. Pp xvi + 441.

New High School Arithmetic—Revised. By Webster Wells and Walter W. Hart. New York: D. C. Heath and Company, 1933. Pp. viii + 357.

Teacher Absence and Leave Regulations. By William D. Kuhlman. New York: Columbia University, 1933. Pp. viii + 75.

Co‐operative Citizenship. By Joseph Irvin Arnold. Evanston, Ill.: Row, Peterson and Co., 1933. Pp. lii + 716.

Stimulation of Educational Undertakings. By J. Wayne Whightstone. New York: Columbia University, 1933. Pp. viii + 76.

Biology and Human Welfare (New Edition). By James Edward Peabody and Arthur Ellsworth Hunt. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1933. Pp. xii + 658.     

Education undergraduates and ICT‐enhanced academic dishonesty: A moral panic?

This paper reports an illuminative small‐scale study that trialled a survey instrument with 55 final‐year undergraduates categorised by age. The survey investigated students' use of information and communication technologies (ICT), including the Internet, and students' engagement in lecturer impressing strategies and cheating behaviours such as plagiarism. The study disclosed differences in ICT usage by age, but these differences did not achieve significance. The study disclosed also that 0.27 of the sample had reported a single instance of cheating behaviours while 0.2 of the sample had reported multiple instances of cheating behaviours. Analyses of data discerned no significant correlations between these cheating behaviours and age or ICT capability, but significant negative correlations were found between cheating behaviours and engagement in certain Internet activities. Inferences are tentatively drawn for further research and for academic practices.     

Religious Influences in Public Education: Political and judicial Developments

What can preservice teachers tell us about the impact of culture on literacy? Participants responded to an open-ended survey asking, “How do you think your culture influences what you read and write?” Three themes emerged in their answers: family influence, self-exploration through literacy, and the cultural politics of literacy. Further examination led to three premises about literacy. Findings highlight the importance of students’ literacy history and provide means for teachers to reframe their instruction, based on student voice.