Women, Literacy and Citizenship: A Critique

This paper examines the recent increase in the concern of adult literacy for citizenship, especially aimed at women in developing societies. It looks at what is happening in this field and why; it examines some of the critiques of this range of activity; and it suggests some alternatives which in the end may be more effective in promoting both literacy learning and the practices of citizenship among women.     

Developmental Brain Research With Participants From Underprivileged Communities: Strategies for Recruitment,Participation, and Retention

Challenges associated with recruitment and retention of participants from underprivileged social communities, in addition to neuroscience researchers' unfamiliarity with these communities, possibly explain the limited number of individuals from these communities who participate in neuroscience research studies. The consequence is a scarcity of data in this fast‐growing segment of the population. In particular, developmental research involving children from ethnic minorities has yet to catch up with the number of studies available for middle‐class White children (Flores et al., 2002). This underrepresentation can lead to disparities in health and social services for children from these communities, as well as to a nonrepresentative knowledge base of child neurodevelopment. Developing and utilizing innovative and culturally sensitive approaches to recruiting participants from underprivileged communities can maximize their participation in research, as behavioral researchers have known for some time. Here, based on our experience recruiting low‐socioeconomic status (SES) Latino children from Los Angeles, we offer strategies to improve recruitment, involvement, and retention. We have a special focus on techniques relevant to recruiting for neuroimaging, which is associated with new challenges not faced to the same degree in research historically. Better inclusion of underrepresented children in research can ultimately lead to the development and improvement of effective public polices to support their needs, ranging from education to health care.     

Racial and Gender Identity Among Black Adolescent Males: An Intersectionality Perspective

A considerable amount of social identity research has focused on race and racial identity, while gender identity, particularly among Black adolescents, remains underexamined. The current study used survey data from 183 Black adolescent males (13–16 years old) to investigate the development and relation between racial and gender identity centrality and private regard, and how these identities impact adjustment over time. It was found that dimensions of racial and gender identity were strongly correlated. Levels of racial centrality increased over time while gender centrality, and racial and gender private regard declined. In addition, racial and gender identity uniquely contributed to higher levels of psychological well‐being and academic adjustment. These findings are discussed within the context of existing identity theories and intersectionality theory.     

面向“卡脖子”问题的知识创新生态系统分析：核心挑战、理论构建与现实路径

  新形势下,面对关键核心技术“卡脖子”问题的挑战,系统提升我国科技研究的整体水平迫在眉睫。然而,我国现有知识创新生态研究的基本思路仍是以“大学、企业、政府”构成的“三螺旋”框架,无法体现新时代多元化主体、多样化路径、多种创新模式的平行共存与协同演化特征,致使研究者破题“卡脖子”难题时缺乏整合性视角与适用性框架的支撑。本研究基于知识创新范式转型背景下影响我国以系统工具解决“卡脖子”问题的核心挑战,深入探究新时代“模式3”知识创新“多重螺旋”（N-tuple helices）生态系统的主体特征与拓扑结构。以之为基础,讨论系统性提升我国科研创新能力,应对“卡脖子”挑战的可行路径与具体措施。