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121.
Increasing reliance on market mechanisms in higher education is analysed both as one of the approaches to steering as well as in relation to the consequences of markets for quality and accessibility of higher education. This article goes beyond the normative considerations of market elements as inherently good or bad and the economic theory-guided focus on freedoms of users and providers, by presenting an alternative conceptualization. The conceptualization adapted from studies of markets in other parts of the welfare state to the context of higher education is based on two dimensions: (1) who effectively controls production of certain goods and services and (2) how access to and funding of these goods and services are regulated. It focuses on interests of three main actors—the state, the users (students) and the providers (higher education institutions). This leads to six conceptually distinct markets, whose key characteristics are illustrated by examples from Denmark, England, India, Norway, Portugal and Serbia. The key message is that this alternative conceptualization allows identifying variance in marketization of higher education with regards to (1) which actors are empowered, (2) who are the likely winners and losers and (3) what might be the risks of introducing specific market elements in a higher education system. More generally, a more nuanced analysis relying on this conceptualization can potentially contribute to a deeper understanding of political and policy dynamics in higher education. 相似文献
122.
123.
How do intellectual propriety rights (IPRs) help firms profit from their innovation? Innovation literature frequently turns to patents to measure innovative IPR, but more recent work shifts focus to the other side of IPR, namely, trademarks. This article therefore discusses the effects of trademark strategies when companies decide to introduce their product portfolios in a new foreign market. Entrants might opt for a common trademark across different country markets (integration) or use several country-specific trademarks (responsiveness). This empirical study exploits the quasi-natural experiment created by the tariff shock that affected Spain when it joined the European Union in the 1990s. Data from the automotive industry reveal how non-European companies that already operated in other European countries sought to enter Spain rapidly, using various trademark strategies. The product portfolio characteristics are fixed at entry, so this study can specify how and when trademark responsiveness versus integration affects firm performance. The results reveal that trademark responsiveness increases firm performance if the firms suffer high liabilities of foreignness or newness. 相似文献
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125.
Claudia Brandst?tter Marta Jordan Richard Treutler Martina Pretterer 《Zeitschrift für Hochschulrecht, Hochschulmanagement und Hochschulpolitik: zfhr》2011,10(2):63-69
Hochschulen verursachen nicht nur Kosten, sondern generieren auch einen erheblichen Nutzen, da sie Geld- und Güterstr?me zwischen
der ?ffentlichen Hand, Privatpersonen und Unternehmen in Gang setzen. Daraus resultieren tangible (in Geldwerten messbare)
und intangible (nicht in Geldwerten messbare) Effekte, die durch den Betrieb einer Hochschule entstehen. Diese Auswirkungen
wurden für den Standort Kapfenberg der FH JOANNEUM erhoben. Aus der durchgeführten Analyse ergeben sich folgende Effekte:
aus kurzfristiger Sichtweise flie?en j?hrlich fast 3,0 Mio. € der Region Bruck/Mur-Kapfenberg zu, der mittelfristig in der
Region verbleibende Kaufkraftanteil betr?gt über 2,0 Mio. € und aus langfristiger Perspektive werden durch das Bestehen der
FH JOANNEUM Campus Kapfenberg fast 3,6 Mio. € an zus?tzlichem Einkommen in der Region Bruck/Mur-Kapfenberg induziert. Daneben
entstehen durch die Existenz einer Hochschule auch noch positive Effekte für eine Region, die nicht eindeutig quantifizierbar
sind. 相似文献
126.
Higher Education - Higher education in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a relatively modern phenomenon, but it is a sector which has experienced immense growth since the first national university... 相似文献
127.
Self-directed speech – the audible or partially whispered self-talk that children engage in during their daily activities, was proposed by Vygotsky to have a mediating role in the emerging self-regulatory behaviour of young children. Studies with correlational findings tend to lend support to this hypothesis but fail to delineate the real-time temporal interactions between self-directed speech and self-regulatory behaviour. The authors propose the use of lag sequential analysis and t-pattern analysis as useful and complementary methods for detecting significantly recurring patterns of co-occurrence of self-directed speech and non-verbal behaviour (that is either self-regulatory or shows a failure of self-regulation). Furthermore, it is argued that the analysis of these co-occurrences is required to establish the functions of self-directed speech, and to determine in what ways these might be self-regulatory. Illustrative analyses are presented of data from a study comparing the patterns of self-directed speech use during a planning task in typically developing children and matched peers with Specific Language Impairment. The results obtained from t-pattern analysis reveal qualitative differences between these two groups of children, in their use of self-directed speech, which were not detected by the other two methods. Implications of examining recurring temporal patterns in behaviour for research investigating aspects of development, particularly self-regulation, are discussed. 相似文献
128.
Cairns Dean Dickson Martina McMinn Melissa 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2021,30(6):766-776
Journal of Science Education and Technology - This research looked at the choices that children make in the classroom when offered manual and technological options to measure scientific variables.... 相似文献
129.
In art education we need methods for studying works of art and visual culture interculturally because there are many multicultural art classes and little consensus as to how to interpret art in different cultures. In this article my central aim was to apply the intertextual method that I developed in my doctoral thesis for Western art education to explore whether the method would also work from a non‐Western point of view. My hypothesis was that it is possible to find local and global differences that arise from selected texts and study them interculturally. As postmodernism calls attention to marginal areas, I applied my method to a form of visual culture that is not well known in the European art education context, the Japanese kamishibai which can be translated as Japanese paper theatre. Based on the results, my study will propose a method for understanding visual culture and the multiple relations ‐ local and global ‐ between different cultures. Japanese paper theatre also offers an interesting potential for using visual and verbal stories in the theory and practice of art education. 相似文献
130.
Martina Röthlisberger Christoph Zangger Britta Juska-Bacher 《Journal of Research in Reading》2023,46(1):1-21