Can teachers predict their students' wait time preferences?

The study examined students' preferences for wait times of 3 seconds versus .9 second, teachers' ability to accurately predict their students' preferences, and the reasons both groups of participants gave for their choices. Thirty-five middle school science classes watched two versions of a videotaped science review lesson. The versions differed only in length of time the teacher paused after questions before she called on students to respond. When asked which version would produce more learning and when asked which version they preferred (after being told how the two versions differed), significantly more students chose the one with the longer wait time. Significantly more teachers predicted these choices accurately than inaccurately. Students identified think time, time use, teacher helpfulness, and topic ease as reasons for their choices.     

The indignant page: Techniques of neutralization in the publications of pedophile organizations

There is considerable consensus in this and other societies that adult sexual behavior with children is exploitative and victimizing in nature. The publications of three United States pedophile organizations that advocate adult sexual behavior with children and that are politically and socially active in attempts to decriminalize that behavior--the Rene Guyon Society, the Childhood Sensuality Circle, and the North American Man/Boy Love Association--are analyzed as to how they justify, normalize, or rationalize their practices and philosophy in light of that consensus. The framework for that analysis is the sociological concept of techniques of neutralization.     

Supply and demand of doctorates in economics

Little is known about the changes in supply and demand for economists. American universities and colleges report the awarding of 12,513 doctoral degrees in economics between 1969 and 1984, with the number randomly varying by over 500 per year. New job listings give an indication that market demand for economists between 1975 and 1984 led the supply and was far more volatile than the number of doctoral degrees awarded. Although the graduate economic specialties over the last 16 years have been relatively stable and the specialties ranked by employers have remained relatively constant, they show no comparative agreement. Graduate students may not be choosing fields of specialization that reflect the market, and institutions may not be responding to market changes.     

The writing road to reading: From theory to practice

Orton-based programs include essential elements that insure success for teaching language to regular and special education children. This paper traces the theoretical foundations of The Writing Road to Readingby Romalda B. Spalding (1990) from the beginning concepts taught Mrs. Spalding by Dr. Samuel T. Orton through its validation in current cognitive science and learning theory. Pilot project locations and success statistics with regular and special education children in Arizona, Louisiana, Maine, and Texas are presented. It explains how direct, multisensory instruction in seven processes necessary for skilled reading and principles of skill learning and instruction are incorporated in the Spalding Method.     

Integrated Care in College Health: A Case Study

This case study describes 1 international student's treatment experience with an integrated health program on a college campus. This program uses a multidisciplinary, mind‐body approach, which incorporates individual counseling, primary care, psychiatric consultation, a mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy class, and a meditation group.