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The rapid growth of government investment in scientific research in China over past decades has also caused the scholarly publishing industry to go through great changes. Nevertheless, there is a big gap between the state of China's scholarly publishing industry and the current demands of international scientific communication. Globalization and digitization developments are currently widening this gap. Based on desk research, face‐to‐face interviews, observations, and experience, we identify the current business challenges for scholarly publishing in China, and provide a list of suggestions to narrow the gap. 相似文献
124.
The purpose of this study was to investigate order-of-practice effects for the acquisition of a complex basketball skill in a bilateral transfer paradigm. The task required participants to dribble as fast as possible in slalom-like movements across six javelins and return to the initial position. Fifty-two right-handed school children (M age = 11.7years) practiced this skill in eight sessions over 4 weeks under one of two training schedules: (a) with the dominant hand, before changing to their nondominant hand (D-ND group), or (b) with the nondominant hand, before changing to the dominant hand (ND-D group). All tests were conducted with the right hand or the left hand only, and a transfer test was given with both hands alternating. The results of a retention test yielded significantly larger learning gains for the ND-D group as compared to the D-ND group. It is interesting that this performance advantage was independent of the respective hand tested. The same pattern of result was found in the transfer test, with significantly shorter movement times for the ND-D group with both hands alternating. Such order-of-practice effects for the acquisition of complex skills can be explained with hemispheric brain asymmetries for the processing of specific task requirements. 相似文献
125.
Plantar pressure characteristics during fencing movements may provide more specific information about the influence of foot loading on overload injury patterns. Twenty-nine experienced fencers participated in the study. Three fencing-specific movements (lunge, advance, retreat) and normal running were performed with three different shoe models: Ballestra (Nike, USA), Adistar Fencing Lo (Adidas, Germany), and the fencers' own shoes. The Pedar system (Novel, Munich, Germany) was used to collect plantar pressures at 50 Hz. Peak pressures, force-time integrals and contact times for five foot regions were compared between four athletic tasks in the lunge leg and supporting leg. Plantar pressure analysis revealed characteristic pressure distribution patterns for the fencing movements. For the lunge leg, during the lunge and advance movements the heel is predominantly loaded; during retreat, it is the hallux. For the supporting leg, during the lunge and advance movements the forefoot is predominantly loaded; during retreat, it is the hallux. Fencing-specific movements load the plantar surface in a distinct way compared with running. An effective cushioning in the heel and hallux region would help to minimize foot loading during fencing-specific movements. 相似文献
126.
Johannes Gurlitt Sebastian Dummel Silvia Schuster Matthias Nückles 《Instructional Science》2012,40(2):351-369
Does the specific structure of advance organizers influence learning outcomes? In the first experiment, 48 psychology students
were randomly assigned to three differently structured advance organizers: a well-structured, a well-structured and key-concept
emphasizing, and a less structured advance organizer. These were followed by a sorting task, a text study phase, and a posttest.
The results indicated that differently structured advance organizers lead to different proto-schemata before and different
learning outcomes after the text study phase. The second experiment replicated and extended these findings with 53 mathematics
students. As in experiment 1, three differently structured advance organizers were used; but to rule out alternative explanations,
the sorting task between the advance organizer and the text study phase was omitted. The results showed strong beneficial
effects of well-structured advance organizers on near and far transfer tasks. Taken together, both experiments support the
claim that the structure of advance organizers has an effect on preliminary schemata and learning outcomes. On a general level,
the results indicate that advance organizers can support the generation of proto-schemata and thus can be more than the activation
of “existing” concepts in long-term memory. With regard to education, this implies that educators should not only think about
whether prior domain-specific knowledge is present, but also about how to scaffold the generation of proto-schemata at the
beginning of instruction. 相似文献
127.
Matthias Wilde Jona Samuel Hußmann Simone Lorenzen Annika Meyer Christoph Randler 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(18):2797-2810
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of living animals on pupils’ intrinsic motivation and knowledge. Various studies from the late 1970s and 1980s stress the high effectiveness of authentic learning experiences in pupils’ knowledge acquisition. However, there are only few current empirical studies on this topic. The research question of our study is to assess whether the use of living animals in the biology classroom supports intrinsic motivation and knowledge acquisition. In a pre-/post-test design, 185 fifth graders received two different treatments: the experimental group (N?=?74) was taught with living harvest mice (Micromys minutus) and the control group (N?=?111) received lessons with the same content which was presented in short film clips on laptop computers. Knowledge acquisition was assessed with open-ended and closed questions, while intrinsic motivation was tested with an adapted version of the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI). There were no differences in knowledge acquisition between the treatments. However, the results of the IMI showed significant differences in favour of the experimental group in interest/enjoyment, perceived competence, and perceived autonomy. Thus, living animals exert a positive influence on motivation. 相似文献
128.
ABSTRACT The present study investigated fluid and crystallized intelligence as well as strategic task approaches as potential sources of age-related differences in adult learning performance. Therefore, 45 young and 45 old adults were asked to learn pictured objects. Overall, young participants outperformed old participants in this learning test. However, more than 2/3 of the interindividual variability in learning performance was explained by interindividual differences in fluid intelligence and strategic task approach, with age not being a reliable predictor. Results indicate that personal resources and task approach influence learning performance directly and independently. 相似文献
129.
Fredrick Trautmann 《Communication quarterly》2013,61(4):40-43
A theoretical rationale is provided which leads to the hypothesis that communication apprehension is negatively related to the amount of self‐disclosure. Data are reported which provide support for the hypothesized relationship. Additional results indicate that high and low communication apprehensives have different perceptions of their self‐disclosive communication behaviors on a variety of dimensions. 相似文献
130.