Information and communication technologies: transforming views of literacies in early childhood settings

This paper reports on an early childhood technology project that has been conducted in Australia since 2000. The background to the project is that IBM extended their international KidSmart Early Learning program to the Asia‐Pacific region. A partnership with the Australian National Schools Network was formed to implement the program in Australia. This organisation took responsibility for identification of early childhood centres (preschool and day care) serving low socio‐economic status communities across Australia (approximately 100 centres per year), the design and facilitation of professional development for teachers and research and evaluation in conjunction with the program. Whilst this was a national project, this paper deals only with the research conducted in Western Australia with the first round of centres involved in the project. The paper highlights themes emerging from teacher action research based in early childhood centres. The pedagogical considerations, challenges and dilemmas emerging from teachers' use of ICT in early childhood settings are also discussed.     

身着母亲昨日衣,上演女儿心中的记忆

对于母亲的种种记忆,不论她们是否尚在人世,总是细小而琐碎的,包括她们的言谈话语,外貌,甚至身上的气息。她们的一件衣服也会和一个抚摸,一通斥责一样让我们的思绪翻腾。记忆中这些点滴不仅仅让我们回忆起     

Patterns of subsidies to higher education in Europe

The patterns of government subsidies to higher education in France, Germany, Netherlands, Sweden, and the United Kingdom (UK) are compared and contrasted. The subsidies are subsequently evaluated in the light of stated policy objectives, with particular attention to the objectives of efficiency and equity. Two extreme models of financing are considered; one in which public subsidy covers 100 per cent of the private costs of higher education, including income forgone by students, the other in which public subsidy to students is kept at a minimum. The study concludes that the ideal package from the standpoint of efficiency and equity is (1) a grants system in the last few years of secondary education; (2) a system of fees equal to about 30–50 per cent of institutional incomes and (3) an income contingent loan scheme (or graduate tax) for both undergraduate and postgraduate students.The research for this paper was sponsored by the United States Education Policy Research Center for Higher Education and Society under HEW Contract No. 300-76-0026. The views expressed are not necessarily those of the Center. Our thanks are due to J. Froomkin for valuable comments on an earlier draft.     

Moving tales: acculturation experiences of migrant women staff entering a New Zealand polytechnic

The complex acculturation experiences of migrant staff entering the tertiary sector of their host country are seldom voiced. This paper presents some of the ways in which migrant women staff have responded to the demands of living and working in a culture different from their own. It shows how they have developed a ‘double vision’, or an ability to see both their home culture and that of their host country more critically. Their resultant ability to mediate between cultures has become a positive factor in their work in an increasingly multicultural sector. This paper calls for the use of structured interventions in the induction of new migrant staff that affirms and validates their cultural knowledge and experience, while introducing existing institutional practices and approaches. It argues that the ensuing development of intercultural exchange is an essential ingredient of a culturally inclusive sector.     

Development and data for UK versions of an author and title recognition test for adults

Author and book title recognition tests have been used extensively in reading‐related research with both children and adults. The present paper reports the development of a book title and author recognition test and data from a UK sample of adults. Higher scores were obtained on the Author test than on the Title test. It is suggested that the tests are suitable for use with the United Kingdom adult population.     

Options,sustainability policy and the spontaneous order

This paper examines the implications for sustainability policy of environmental uncertainty and indeterminacy, and relates the associated problems with a conventional understanding of sustainable development to Hayek’s critique of collective planning. It suggests that the appropriate recourse is not, however, a Hayekian endorsement of the free market, but an extension of his key idea of spontaneous order to characterise the learning society. The argument is illustrated by a practical application: the analysis of natural capital explored in this Special Issue is shown to be directly relevant to the improvement of the UK’s headline sustainability indicators package.     

Speaking and listening across the primary curriculum: an entry to improved learning and a focus for CPD

This paper reports on the initial stage of an exploratory project based in six primary schools in Newcastle upon Tyne (UK) – and on plans for its extension. The potential value of the project as a curricular initiative is set out, from both practical and research perspectives. Its framing as a vehicle for the continuous professional development (CPD) of the teachers involved is also outlined. The first phase of the project itself is then described in some detail and its results discussed. Outcomes are also identified in order to provide pointers to the continuation stage. Finally, the value of the CPD model adopted is discussed, with particular regard to the choice of the present specific curricular focus.     

ADULTS IN EXPANDED GRANDPARENT ROLES: CONSIDERATIONS FOR PRACTICE,POLICY, AND RESEARCH

The number of middle-aged and older adults assuming primary caregiver roles to their grandchildren has dramatically increased in the past decade due to a myriad of serious family-related problems. Gerontology professionals in human service and mental health positions as well as policy makers and researchers can play important roles in helping these women and men function effectively in their expanded grandparent roles. The primary goal of this article is to provide a representative picture of (1) the circumstances surrounding grandparents' acquisition of the surrogate parent role; (2) the consequences of the caregiving roles for the older generation (positive as well as negative outcomes); and (3) recommendations of types of support (socioemotional and instrumental) that would be most helpful for grandparents raising their grandchildren. Recommendations for future programs, policies, and research on this growing population of family caregivers are also provided.     

COUNTERMEASURES TO IMPROVE THE DRIVING PERFORMANCE OF OLDER DRIVERS

A 2‐year study of the problems of older drivers (N = 105) was conducted by a team of researchers from the disciplines of traffic engineering, gerontology, physical therapy, occupational therapy, and driver education. The objective of the research was to develop and evaluate countermeasures to improve the safety of older drivers. During the first year, the problems of older drivers were examined and the following countermeasures designed: (a) physical therapy, (b) perceptual therapy, (c) driver education, and (d) traffic engineering improvements. In the second year, the effects of these countermeasures on the driving performance of older drivers were evaluated. All of the countermeasures improved the older adults’ performance. Combining driver education with physical or perceptual therapy tended to increase the improvement in driving performance, but none of the increases were statistically significant (s > .015). The countermeasures provided an average improvement in driving performance of 7.9%. Analysis indicated that traffic engineering improvements would be most cost‐effective on high‐volume roadways and the other countermeasures would be most cost‐effective on low‐volume roadways.