中澳美的经济变革与数学课程改革方向

世界经济结构正经历巨大的转型,具体表现为农业所占GDP的比例显著下降,而制造业,尤其是服务业则不断提高.中国、澳大利亚与美国是3个具有代表性的国家,经济上的这种变化对教育以及数学课程都产生了影响,反映了当今社会中对人们所需的"数学素养"的全新要求.中国、澳大利亚与美国义务教育阶段国家级数学课程都强调了"统计思想"与"关系性思维"这两个重要内容.     

Student‐Generated Pre‐Exam Questions is an Effective Tool for Participatory Learning: A Case Study from Ecology of Waterborne Pathogens Course

This multiyear study helps elucidate how the instructional practice of student‐generated questions support learning in a blended classroom in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics subjects. Students designed multiple‐choice pre‐exam questions aimed at higher levels of learning, according to Bloom's taxonomy. Student‐generated questions were edited by the instructor and then discussed by the students in the classroom and in an online forum. We tested the hypothesis that this intervention improves student learning, measured as student achievement on the exam following the intervention, and compared to student achievement on the traditional exam (prior to which a review session focused on instructor‐led recitation of the key concepts). Following the intervention in all years, average grade on the post‐intervention exam increased by 7.44%. It is important to point out that not all students benefited equally from this activity. Students who were in the 4th quintile (60% to 80%) based on the results of the 1st exam demonstrated the highest achievement improving their performance on average by 12.37% percentage points (measured as a score on the 2nd exam). Gains were not observed in the semesters when the intervention was not implemented. In this study we provided students detailed instructions on how to design questions that focus on testing higher levels of learning.     

西方教师知识研究发展的专业化路径

教师专业发展已经越来越被视为决定教育改革成效的重要因素,教师知识是教师专业化中需考虑的重要内容.舒尔曼最早提出教师的学科教学知识后,研究者形成了不同的教师知识研究的理论框架.西方对教师知识的研究经历了三个关键的发展阶段:区别教师的知识与学科专家的知识,这使得对教师专业化的讨论成为可能;关注具体教学内容的特定知识,对教师专业化的研究具有了具体内容;关注官方课程知识,对教师专业化的研究关注教师的日常教学工作.教师知识研究的发展路径体现出了教师专业化的不断深入.对教师知识研究的专业化路径的探讨有利于进一步促进教师专业化发展,并最终服务于教育改革.     

The changing experiences of bisexual male adolescents

Drawing on in-depth interviews with 15 openly bisexual male youth from sixth forms across the UK, this article documents positive experiences of bisexual male youth in school: participants had positive coming out experiences and did not encounter significant discrimination or harassment because of their sexual identity. Participants attribute this to the inclusive environments of their schools and local cultures. Examining the narratives of two participants who had negative experiences, this article also highlights continued issues for bisexual youth in schools. It thus advances our understanding of contemporary bisexual lives in educational institutions, and contributes to debates about whether sixth forms are more inclusive spaces than secondary schools for bisexuals.     

RAN as a predictor of reading skills,and vice versa: results from a randomised reading intervention

Although phonemic awareness is a well-known factor predicting early reading development, there is also evidence that Rapid Automatized Naming (RAN) is an independent factor that contributes to early reading. The aim of this study is to examine phonemic awareness and RAN as predictors of reading speed, reading comprehension and spelling for children with reading difficulties. It also investigates a possible reciprocal relationship between RAN and reading skills, and the possibility of enhancing RAN by intervention. These issues are addressed by examining longitudinal data from a randomised reading intervention study carried out in Sweden for 9-year-old children with reading difficulties (N?=?112). The intervention comprised three main elements: training of phonics, reading comprehension strategies and reading speed. The analysis of the data was carried out using structural equation modelling. The results demonstrated that after controlling for autoregressive effects and non-verbal IQ, RAN predicts reading speed whereas phonemic awareness predicts reading comprehension and spelling. RAN was significantly enhanced by training and a reciprocal relationship between reading speed and RAN was found. These findings contribute to support the view that both phonemic awareness and RAN independently influence early phases of reading, and that both are possible to enhance by training.