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Nicolas Babault Maxime Poisson Guiseppe Cimadoro Carole Cometti Christos Païzis 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(9):1199-1207
Nowadays, fixed gear competitions on outdoor circuits such as criteriums are regularly organized worldwide. To date, no study has investigated this alternative form of cycling. The purpose of the present study was to examine fixed gear performance indexes and to characterize physiological determinants of fixed gear cyclists. This study was carried out in two parts. Part 1 (n?=?36) examined correlations between performance indexes obtained during a real fixed gear criterium (time trial, fastest laps, averaged lap time during races, fatigue indexes) and during a sprint track time trial. Part 2 (n?=?9) examined correlations between the recorded performance indexes and some aerobic and anaerobic performance outputs (VO2max, maximal aerobic power, knee extensor and knee flexor maximal voluntary torque, vertical jump height and performance during a modified Wingate test). Results from Part 1 indicated significant correlations between fixed gear final performance (i.e. average lap time during the finals) and single lap time (time trial, fastest lap during races and sprint track time trial). In addition, results from Part 2 revealed significant correlations between fixed gear performance and aerobic indicators (VO2max and maximal aerobic power). However, no significant relationship was obtained between fixed gear cycling and anaerobic qualities such as strength. Similarly to traditional cycling disciplines, we concluded that fixed gear cycling is mainly limited by aerobic capacity, particularly criteriums final performance. However, specific skills including technical competency should be considered. 相似文献
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Professorship has traditionally been the single most valued career path for graduates of PhD programs. Policies now encourage
graduate students to directly or indirectly engage with non-academic organizations to encourage the next generation of researchers
to explore alternative careers, including opportunities in industry and government. In this article, we use data from a survey
of Quebec science and engineering graduate students to examine the impact of their participation in university-industry-government
research partnerships on their professional preferences. We assess the degree to which exposure to non-academic realities
through different training arrangements relates to career preferences, and how these preferences evolve over time. We show
that the proportion of students who did not change their preferred career path over time is high, indicating that by the time
students engage in a research-training program they already, for the most part, know what career they want to pursue. However,
and although students with close ties to non-academic partners may initially be more interested in non-academic career paths,
over time all categories of students become more attracted to academic careers. We conclude that faculty positions continue
to dominate the professional dreams of fledgling researchers, a power of attraction that increases as students advance in
their program, even when it involves industrial contacts. 相似文献