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41.
Learning & Behavior - Right-lever presses by hooded rats in three groups produced reinforcers at variable-intervals that differed over five conditions. The groups differed by virtue of the... 相似文献
42.
Raising the achievement of African heritage pupils: a case study of good practice in British schools
The aim of this paper is to investigate how pupils from black African backgrounds are helped to achieve high standards in schools and to identify the factors that contribute to the success of raising achievement. Two complementary methodological approaches were adopted, each contributing a particular set of data to the study. First, General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) empirical investigation was undertaken to draw lessons from the last seven years by examining in detail the attainment of black African pupils in the authority. This was followed by detailed case‐study research to illuminate how the complex interactions of context, organization, policy and practice helps generate effective practice in raising the attainment of black African pupils. Five case‐study schools were selected. A structured questionnaire was used to interview headteachers, staff, governors, parents and pupils to gather evidence of African heritage pupil achievement. The main findings of the research show that in all schools black African pupils are performing above national average, and in the case‐study schools 79% of black African pupils achieved five+ A*–C GCSEs compared to 48% nationally and 57% in the authority schools. The study has also identified a number of good practices in successful schools. Among the key features that contribute to the success of raising the achievement in the case‐study schools are: African parents value education very highly and respect the authority of schools; strong leadership; effective use of performance data for school self‐evaluation; diversity in the workforce; a highly inclusive curriculum that meets the needs of African heritage pupils; a strong link with the community; well coordinated support and guidance; good parental support and high expectation of their children; and teachers’ high expectation of African heritage pupils and a strong commitment to equal opportunities. The final section gives policy implications for school improvement. 相似文献
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44.
Murray A Aitchison TC Ross G Sutherland K Watt I McLean D Grant S 《Journal of sports sciences》2005,23(9):927-935
The aim of this study was to compare sprint performance over 10 and 20 m when participants ran while towing resistances, weighing between 0 and 30% of body mass. The sample of 33 participants consisted of male rugby and soccer players (age 21.1 +/- 1.8 years, body mass 83.6 +/- 13.1 kg, height 1.82 +/- 0.1 m; mean +/- s). Each participant performed two sets of seven sprints over 20 m using a Latin rectangular design. The times were recorded at 10 and 20 m using electronic speed gates. The sprints of 13 players were video-recorded to allow calculation of stride length and frequency. For both sprints, a quadratic relationship was observed between sprint time and resistance as sprint time increased from 2.94 s to 3.80 s from 0 to 30% resistance. This relationship was statistically significant but considered not to be meaningful for performance because, over the range of resistances used in this study, the quadratic model was never more than 1% (in terms of sprint time) from the linear model. As resistance increased, the stride length shortened, with mean values of 1.63 +/- 0.13 m at 0% body mass and 1.33 +/- 0.13 m at 30% of body mass. There was no significant change in stride frequency with increasing resistance. The results show that in general there is an increase in sprint time with an increase in resistance. No particular resistance in the range tested (0 - 30%) can be recommended for practice. 相似文献
45.
Ryan S. McGinnis Stephen M. Cain Steven P. Davidson Rachel V. Vitali Noel C. Perkins Scott G. McLean 《Sports Engineering》2016,19(1):21-34
We present a method for quantifying sacral kinematics during countermovement jumping (CMJ) using an inertial measurement unit (IMU). The IMU-derived sacral kinematic trajectories reproduced motion capture acceleration, velocity, and displacement to within mean (standard deviation) differences of 0.024 (0.088) m/s2, 0.023 (0.026) m/s, and 0.003 (0.032) m, respectively, across 252 jumps performed by 14 subjects. The method also quantified differences in maximum sacral displacement to within 1 % and differences in maximum propulsive velocity to within 0.7 % of motion capture estimates. This builds upon existing IMU-based methods for quantifying jump performance, which do not provide sacral kinematic trajectories. The utility of this method is demonstrated by its ability to discriminate jump performance metrics across a diverse subject population. In particular, we found that 21 participants adopted multiple strategies to maximize jump height in unloaded and loaded fresh conditions, but converged to a common strategy when jumping fatigued and under load. Changes in kinematic parameters were evident across conditions, and several changes were significantly associated with changes in jump performance (i.e., height). These parameters include changes in the depth of the countermovement, duration of the propulsive phase and maximum propulsive velocity. Collectively, these results point toward the future use of this method in naturalistic environments and for multiple objectives including biomechanical performance assessment and tracking, fatigue assessment, and jump training. 相似文献
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47.
Alan McLean 《School Leadership & Management》2013,33(3):303-310
Corporal punishment was abolished in Strathclyde in 1982, leading to new discipline systems in the schools. This study examines the exclusion rate in 57 secondary schools during the following three years. The aim was to identify low exclusion schools and outline their common policies, practices and attitudes. Across the full social spectrum, the prevalence of disadvantage in intake is associated with exclusion rate. This association is not inevitable, however, as six low exclusion schools in disadvantaged areas were identified. These schools have little in the way of unconventional or radical features in their discipline and support systems. Their effectiveness lies in their preventive approach which is rooted in their ideology. 相似文献
48.
Noordeen Gangani Gary N. McLean Richard A. Braden 《Performance Improvement Quarterly》2006,19(1):127-139
This article explores some of the major issues in developing and implementing a competency‐based human resource development strategy. The article summarizes a brief literature review on how competency models can be developed and implemented to improve employee performance. A case study is presented of American Medical Systems (AMS), a mid‐sized health‐care and medical device company, where the model is being used to improve employee performance and gain a competitive advantage. 相似文献
49.
Fiona McLean 《Health information and libraries journal》2003,20(4):247-248
50.
Paul Wasserman Janiece McLean Brian Rust Stefan Kanfer K. Aubrey Stone Richard F. Hixson 《Communication Booknotes Quarterly》2013,44(3):8-9
Paul Wasserman and Janiece McLean's Consultants and Consulting Organizations Directory (Detroit: Gale Research Co., 1973—$45.00), Brian Rust's The Complete Entertainment Discography from the mid-1890s to 1942 (New Rochelle, N.Y.: Arlington House, 1973—$12.95) Stefan Kanfer's A Journal of the Plague Years (New York: Atheneum, 1973—$7.95) K. Aubrey Stone's I'm Sorry, the Monopoly You Have Reached is not in Service (New York: Pallantine/Grassroots, 1973—$1.50, paper) Richard F. Hixson's Mass Media: A Casebook (New York: Crowell, 1973—price not known, paperback), Donald I. Rogers' Since You Went Away (New Rochelle, N.Y.: Arlington House, 1973—$8.95), 相似文献