Development of system thinking skills in the context of earth system education

The current study deals with the development of system thinking skills at the junior high school level. The sample population included about 50 eighth‐grade students from two different classes of an urban Israeli junior high school who studied an earth systems‐based curriculum that focused on the hydro cycle. The study addressed the following research questions: (a) Could the students deal with complex systems?; (b) What has influenced the students' ability to deal with system perception?; and (c) What are the relationship among the cognitive components of system thinking? The research combined qualitative and quantitative methods and involved various research tools, which were implemented in order to collect the data concerning the students' knowledge and understanding before, during, and following the learning process. The findings indicated that the development of system thinking in the context of the earth systems consists of several sequential stages arranged in a hierarchical structure. The cognitive skills that are developed in each stage serve as the basis for the development of the next higher‐order thinking skills. The research showed that in spite of the minimal initial system thinking abilities of the students most of them made some meaningful progress in their system thinking skills, and a third of them reached the highest level of system thinking in the context of the hydro cycle. Two main factors were found to be the source of the differential progress of the students: (a) the students' individual cognitive abilities, and (b) their level of involvement in the knowledge integration activities during their inquiry‐based learning both indoors and outdoors. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

中西古代婚姻比较研究

本文立足于中国的春秋战国时代，西方的中世纪这两个特定的历史时期中西方婚姻制度的规定，对中西方婚姻分别从结婚的目的、婚姻成立的要件、当事人在婚姻中的地位、婚姻的形式等方面进行论述，探求中西方古代婚姻理念的异同及其原因，以期为中国未来的法治建设提供思路。     

有源滤波器的计算机仿真模拟

介绍了OrCAD/Pspice 9软件的特点及其应用 ,并运用该软件设计了一个二阶模拟带通滤波器 ,对它进行计算机仿真模拟。     

‘The sky is the limit’: higher education,gender and empowerment in the Bedouin community in the Negev in Israel

This article addresses the meaning that female Bedouin from the Negev in Israel give to higher education. I shall focus the discussion on the processes in which personal and social contexts merge into one another. Although there has been an increase in the number of investigations of the ways in which Bedouin women in the Negev in Israel participate in the public sphere, a survey of the literature reveals that no investigations have been conducted on the meaning educated women attribute to higher education during the course of their lives. Through an analysis of ten in‐depth interviews carried out between 1998 and 2001, this article examines issues such as gender, empowerment and social mobility amongst young Bedouin women in Israel.     

ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION OF INTELLECTUALLY GIFTED STUDENTS WHEN CONFRONTED WITH CHALLENGING AND UNCHALLENGING TASKS

Two groups of gifted adolescents solved two similar intelligence tests with differing levels of task difficulty in reverse order. Under both conditions the performance level on the less complex test was much lower, a result not observed in a control group of average intelligence. Behavioural observations revealed that the low performance of the gifted students was combined with lack of effort. This performance pattern is discussed with respect to recent postulates of achievement motivation theory, which empasize the impact not only of the achievement motive, but also of the informational value of a given task for evaluating own level of ability. It is argued that the perceived informational value of the easier test was not high enough to create an incentive for the gifted students to perform at the highest possible level     

新世纪第一个10年中国教育技术学科的国际交往研究

我国教育技术起步较晚,大部分理念和技术都是从国外引入并逐步加以本土化的。国际交往对于我国教育技术的发展具有很大的作用,作为我国首次全方位关注教育技术国际交往的研究,其意义就更为重要。21世纪以来,我国教育技术领域的国际交往越来越频繁,当前的主要途径有国内师生出访交流,国外学者来华作报告、进行合作交流,对国外学者进行专访对话,学者赴外参加国际会议或国内举办国际会议,以及翻译国外著作等。10年来,随着国际合作内容不断丰富,其研究越来越广泛并走向深入,主要集中在学科发展、远程教育和学习模式等10个领域。这些国际交往使我国教育技术学科地位得到巩固和发展,研究领域得到拓展,研究方法更加科学和规范。评估10年的国际交往,今后更应加强实质性合作研究,提高交流实效,重视国际项目合作,避免停留在表面或流于形式,要以一种平等合作、批判性、包容性的态度进行国际交流和对话。     

The Magellan project: Developing global citizens through independent study abroad

Washington & Jefferson College undergraduate Magellan Scholars explore the world on their own. Tori Haring‐Smith describes this unique program and explains why it offers so much more than a traditional study abroad experience.     

Emergent Supervisors: Comparing Counseling Center and Non‐Counseling‐Center Interns' Supervisory Training Experiences

Predoctoral interns' responses to an internship supervision training questionnaire indicated that counseling center interns supervised more trainees, received more supervision in their supervisory roles, reported more supervision training activities, and yielded higher supervisor development scores than did non‐counseling‐center interns. A qualitative analysis of participants' responses showed that non‐counseling‐center interns desired more supervision training and opportunities to provide supervision during their internship year than did counseling center interns.