Capacité cognitive,sentiment d’auto-efficacité et autorégulation

Feelings of self-efficacy have been the object of several studies that have confirmed its ability to predict performance in different contexts. Yet few studies have been conducted using cognitive or academic tasks in which it is more difficult to clearly distinguish self-efficacy from competence. The present study aims to study the moderating role of cognitive capacity in determining the relationship between self-efficacy and on-line self-regulation observed while solving a verbal concept formation task. In order to distinguish self-efficacy from competence, 44 subjects were selected based on the results of their SSPI; these results of which are related to comprehension ability. Analyses of results allow us to observe that, when compared to subjects who consider themselves less efficacious, subjects who have strong feelings of self-efficacy have a higher success rate, are more certain of these successes and reject fewer correct hypotheses, no matter what their cognitive ability. These results once again bring to light the relative independance of cognitive ability and motivational determinants of a person’s actual accomplishments.     

转达未知世界的信息:科幻作品的交际模式

科幻作品叙事最初使用两种传统的叙事形式:旅行叙事和历史叙事。按其物质规则,科幻作品也意识到科学发现在向这些传统发起挑战,并最终证明传统的叙事手法是不足的。科幻叙事向读者转达过去或将来未知世界的信息时,情况更是如此。某些科幻叙事,即使在与血肉之躯的读者相关的叙事受众极度错位的情况下,继续违背事实地依赖传统形式,对问题视而不见。而另一些科幻叙事,比如本文中所讨论的这些,两者均意识到了由于时空错位所产生的问题,显然在寻求开辟新的叙事模式来应对这些问题。科幻作品中的“新颖性”,通常是指主题与内容。主题与形式是不可分割的,但是我们也希望结合由科学产生的新的时空情境,说明科幻作品如何证明原有层次的高度创造性。     

Fostering Distributed Science Learning Through Collaborative Technologies

TACTICS (French and Spanish acronym standing for Collaborative Work and Learning in Science with Information and Communications Technologies) is an ongoing project aimed at investigating a distributed community of learning and practice in which information and communications technologies (ICT) take the role of collaborative tools to support social construction of knowledge. This community is composed of researchers, graduate students, and high-school teachers and their students, from six schools and four universities in Canada and Mexico. It set out in fall 2000 to develop a community around the general topic of integrating concepts in science school subjects. Once a prototype community is established, it can become a terrain where different aspects could be studied. Subsequently, researchers could gradually take a back seat allowing as well as ensuring the autonomy of the school members involved and, thereby, the viability of the learning community. The set up of the proposed prototype distributed science learning community was therefore an essential yet far from trivial first step. This paper discusses the process of setting up the community and the lessons learned.     

高等教育国际化比较研究--兼论WTO对我国高等教育国际化的影响

我国加入WTO以及经济全球化的深化，进一步加快了我国高等教育国际化的步伐。借鉴发达国家高等教育国际化经验，尤其是在高等教育国际化观念、加强留学生教育、积极开展合作办学、增加国际化教学内容等方面，我们可以为我所用，减少失误，争取和创造我国高等教育在国际上的竞争优势。     

生态主义课程思想的历史演变

不同文明时期 ,生态主义思想表现出鲜明的阶段性特点 ,生态主义课程思想在其漫长的历史发展中也被打上了深刻的时代烙印。渔猎文明时期 ,课程还没有成为独立的专门形态 ,先民的图腾崇拜、自然崇拜等观念影响着萌芽时期的生态主义课程思想 ;农业文明时期 ,我国传统文化中“天人合一”、“以德配天”等思想精华对生态主义课程产生了深刻影响 ;工业文明时期 ,卢梭、福禄倍尔等人的自然教育思想推动了生态主义课程思想的发展 ;生态文明时期 ,以斯拉特瑞为代表的后现代主义课程理论进一步丰富和拓展了生态主义课程思想。     

Special needs education as a social system: responding to the challenge of methodology

In this concluding article we discuss how the different contributors of this special issue deal with the methodological challenges in special needs education research. The shift from an individual perspective towards an interactional and systemic point of view in special educational needs research has introduced research methods that are able to describe the complexity and the recursiveness of the social reality under study. The different studies presented in this issue provide interesting illustrations of some of these methods. The discussion of these studies makes it clear that social cultural theory is a useful framework for research on special needs education. It is suggested that in their investigations researchers should attach importance to the meaning of discourse and keep their minds open to change and new challenges.