The involvement of working memory capacity (WMC) in ruled-based cognitive skill acquisition is well-established, but the duration of its involvement and its role in learning strategy selection are less certain. Participants (N = 610) learned four logic rules, their corresponding symbols, or logic gates, and the appropriate input–output combinations in three-gate circuit patterns. Participants practiced 120 repetitions of each rule (480 total gates) over the course of 10 training blocks. Memory load varied between subjects. The confluence of task demands and individual differences in WMC (N = 518) dramatically affected speed–accuracy tradeoffs and strategic use of a computerized help function. Cluster analysis revealed five distinct groups of participants based on the combination of response accuracy, latency, and help use. Some groups with moderate to high mean WMC acquired the task with predictable performance patterns. Other groups, prevalently under a memory load and with low mean WMC, failed to learn or overused help. 相似文献
One of South Africa’s identified priorities is the implementation of ICT in education. To this end a phased implementation
plan was initiated in 2004 for ICT to be implemented into schools across the country over eight years. During this time South
Africa also participated in three international studies undertaken by the International Association for the Evaluation of
Educational Achievement (IEA) focusing on ICT in Education. Each of these permitted the country to benchmark its progress
in terms of other countries and their implementation of ICT in education. The latest study, SITES 2006 provides a useful set
of indicators against which South Africa can evaluate its progress with regard to its implementation of ICT. This paper seeks
to evaluate South Africa’s readiness to integrate ICT into mathematics and science classrooms. This was done using a number
of indicators of “sustainable change” derived from SITES 2006 and then comparing these to countries such as Chile, Thailand
and Norway, the former two with similar context and conditions and the latter with contrasting conditions. The findings reveal
that whilst South Africa has made some progress since 1998 in terms of the implementation of ICT in education, that the majority
of schools are still in their infancy regarding the acquisition of ICT and most of those who have access are still in the
process of trying to integrate the ICT into their teaching and learning. It would appear that more fundamental needs in South
Africa’s education system have dominated its priorities. 相似文献
Drawing from ethnographic data, this paper explores how African American male teachers working with African American male
students performed their pedagogy. This paper highlights how teachers’ understanding of African American males social and
educational needs shaped their pedagogical performance. Interestingly however, teachers’ performance was contingent on the
diverse ways they imagined African American males should engage within their social and political worlds. These findings suggest
then that African American male teachers’ pedagogic performances were both complex and multifaceted. 相似文献
It is widely recognized that metacognition is an important mediator for successful and high-level learning, especially in
higher education. Nevertheless, a majority of higher education students possess insufficient metacognitive knowledge and regulation
skills to self-regulate their learning adequately. This study explores the potential of reciprocal peer tutoring to promote
both university students’ metacognitive knowledge and their metacognitive regulation skills. The study was conducted in a
naturalistic higher education setting, involving 67 students tutoring each other during a complete semester. A multi-method
pretest–posttest design was used combining a self-report questionnaire, assessing students’ metacognitive knowledge and their
perceived metacognitive skilfulness, with the analysis of think-aloud protocols, revealing students’ actual use of metacognitive
strategies. Results indicate no significant pretest to posttest differences in students’ metacognitive knowledge, nor in their
perception of metacognitive skill use. In contrast, significant changes are observed in students’ actual metacognitive regulation.
At posttest, students demonstrate significantly more frequent and more varied use of metacognitive regulation, especially
during the orientation, monitoring, and evaluation phases. Furthermore, our findings point to an increase in more profound
and higher-quality strategy use at posttest. 相似文献
This article analyses academic work and the academic workforce in the context of current dynamics and likely futures. It discusses the significance of academic work, reviews workforce characteristics, and analyses tensions and pressures. Prevailing conceptualisations, it is argued, do not reflect the current situation in which the profession finds itself, and would provide a very shaky foundation on which to build the future workforce. There is an overarching need for a fresh conceptualisation of academic work that is authentic and feasible and suggestions are offered of what this might look like. A number of strategies are proposed how such a recasting might be implemented. The paper works from Australian research, and make suggestions for other systems. 相似文献
Zwartjes, Otto, ed. La Sociedad andalusí y sus tradiciones literarias (Foro Hispánico, 7). Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1994.
Brincat, Joseph M. Malta 870–1054: Al‐Himyai's Account and its Linguistic Implications. Malta: Said International Ltd., 1995. 52pp.
Sells, Michael A. Mystical Languages of Unsaying. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1994. 316 pp., US$18.95 (paperback), US$49.91 (cloth).
Diem, Werner, Arabische Geschäftsbriefe des 10. bis 14. Jahrhunderts aus der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek in Wien (Documents Arabica Antiqua 1), 2 vols. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1995. Textband ix+518pp., Tafelband 76 plates.
Coope, Jessica A. The Martyrs of Cordoba: Community and Family Conflict in an Age of Mass Conversion. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1995. xvii+113 pp., US$ 25 (cloth).
Edwards, John. Religion and Society in Spain, c.1492 (Variorum Collected Studies Series: CS 520). Aldershot and Brookfield: Variorum, 1996. x+351 pp., US$ 97.00 (cloth).
Tolan, John Victor, ed. Medìeval Christian Perceptions of Islam. A Book of Essays (Garland Medieval Casebooks, Volume 10). New York and London: Garland Publishing, 1996. xxi+414 pp., US$60.00 (cloth). 相似文献