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291.
Italian state museums are characterised by a rigid bureaucratic structure and are almost completely financed by government
transfers. In this paper we develop a simplified two-stage model in an attempt to explain how the government's preferences
for differentiated museum functions may affect museum organisation. The model shows that the government prefers that complementary
functions (e.g., conservation and scientific research) be produced by a single museum, whereas it prefers that substitutable
functions (e.g., conservation and access by the general public) be produced by two museums. We use this prediction for an
empirical analysis of the organisational structure of Italian state museums.
On the basis of the unique ISTAT census of the Italian museum system, we test with two separate probit models the probability
of observing in a state museum the concentration of either scientific activities of conservation and research or promotion
activities for education and the general public. Higher classes of centralisation for the state museums are also considered
by means of an ordered probit model. The results seem to suggest that the Italian state museum structure, as surveyed in the
early 1990s, fully reflected the traditional policy model viewing museums as institutions devoted to conservation, scientific
research and education.
JEL-Classification: D73, Z11 相似文献
292.
The broad term pervasive developmental disorder (PPD) describes a set of symptoms that occur along a continuum of severity; these symptoms are often referred to as autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Little is known about the incidence and prevalence of ASDs among students who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH). Teachers of DHH students, who must work with individuals with dual diagnoses, are at a loss for guidance from the literature. The authors review the literature on ASDs (also referred to as PDD) within the DHH population, provide results of a single-subject study to reduce PDD-type behaviors in a child with hearing loss, and argue that teachers of students who are DHH must learn about practices associated with applied behavior analysis as an tool for intervening therapeutically with children with dual diagnoses of hearing loss plus an ASD. 相似文献
293.
Michele Souza Joey Eisenmann Raquel Chaves Daniel Santos Sara Pereira Cláudia Forjaz 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(19):1885-1892
In this paper, three different statistical approaches were used to investigate short-term tracking of cardiorespiratory and performance-related physical fitness among adolescents. Data were obtained from the Oporto Growth, Health and Performance Study and comprised 1203 adolescents (549 girls) divided into two age cohorts (10–12 and 12–14 years) followed for three consecutive years, with annual assessment. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed with 1-mile run/walk test; 50-yard dash, standing long jump, handgrip, and shuttle run test were used to rate performance-related physical fitness. Tracking was expressed in three different ways: auto-correlations, multilevel modelling with crude and adjusted model (for biological maturation, body mass index, and physical activity), and Cohen’s Kappa (κ) computed in IBM SPSS 20.0, HLM 7.01 and Longitudinal Data Analysis software, respectively. Tracking of physical fitness components was (1) moderate-to-high when described by auto-correlations; (2) low-to-moderate when crude and adjusted models were used; and (3) low according to Cohen’s Kappa (κ). These results demonstrate that when describing tracking, different methods should be considered since they provide distinct and more comprehensive views about physical fitness stability patterns. 相似文献
294.
A. Michele Aylward Sandra Alper Charles Green 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》1996,43(1):43-53
A program for increasing staff effectiveness in implementing a group home behaviour management program was evaluated. The program consisted of self‐recording and supervisor feedback. A multiple baseline design was used to evaluate staff consistency in four skill areas; implementing response cost for the occurrence of physical aggression, implementing response cost for the occurrence of verbal aggression, setting guidelines for successful task completion, and providing feedback to residents. Staff increased consistency in all four areas following intervention. A one week follow‐up demonstrated short‐term maintenance of intervention effects. Results are discussed with reference to future training procedures. 相似文献
295.
Previous research suggested an unexplained difference in the patterns of offending behaviors among deaf people when compared to hearing people. This study, conducted in Texas, compares the incidence and types of violent offenses of a deaf prison population in comparison to the hearing prison population. Sixty-four percent of deaf prisoners were incarcerated for violent offenses in comparison to 49% of the overall state prison offender population. This finding is consistent with previous research. The most significant difference between the populations was found in the category of sexual assault, which represented 32.3% of deaf offenders in contrast to 12.3% of hearing state prison inmates overall. Factors potentially impacting violent offending by deaf persons are their vulnerability to child sexual abuse, use of chemicals, educational histories, and development of language and communication skills. Additionally, there is a widespread lack of accessible intervention and treatment services available to deaf sex offenders across the nation. 相似文献
296.
John N. Constantino Nahid Hashemi Ellen Solis Tal Alon Sandra Haley Stephanie McClure Nita Nordlicht Michele A. Constantino Julie Elmen Vicki Kay Carlson 《Child abuse & neglect》2001,25(12)
Objective: Home visitation has been shown to be effective in reducing rates of child maltreatment and in enhancing psychosocial outcomes in children and their parents. Even when available, however, it is underutilized by parents in some urban settings. We tested a supplemental 10-session group intervention for its ability to increase active participation in home visitation, enhance the quality of caregiving behavior of parents, and improve social developmental outcome in children.Method: A randomized controlled design was utilized, involving two separate cohorts of parents of 3- to 18-month old infants, totaling 148 parent-child dyads. The intervention focused on practical experience in promoting parent-infant attachment relationships.Results: At 6 months follow-up, there was a substantial increase in the proportion of intervention group parents participating in home visitation, compared to parents in the control group (Fisher’s exact p = .008). Parents in the intervention group exhibited a trend for improvement in their capacity to appropriately interpret infants’ emotional cues (p = .08), independent of the effects of home visitation itself. Attrition in both the treatment and control groups was inversely associated with income and level of education.Conclusions: Group meetings may constitute an effective means of engaging stressed urban families in home visitation. 相似文献
297.
The article aims at underlining the role played by extra-academic and autonomous organizations strongly connected with university institutions and researchers in producing, acquiring, transferring and transforming knowledge. The study examines a particular Italian case, the Politecnico Calzaturiero, a private institution providing technical training and research services operating in North-eastern Italy. The analysis of this experience suggests that, in traditional manufacturing areas, organizations playing a key role in managing the ‘productive transformation of knowledge’ may be neither universities nor firms. ‘Special organizations’, like the one discussed in this article, are deeply embedded in their economic and institutional environment, are closely interconnected within a dense and extended network of various actors, engage in complex and time-consuming processes, and can be understood as organizational relé, that is entities which are able to connect structures that are usually not connected. For these reasons, they represent an underestimated resource for universities’ third mission and its management. 相似文献
298.
Michele D. Dickey 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2007,55(3):253-273
During the past two decades, the popularity of computer and video games has prompted games to become a source of study for
educational researchers and instructional designers investigating how various aspects of game design might be appropriated,
borrowed, and re-purposed for the design of educational materials. The purpose of this paper is to present an analysis of
how the structure in massively multiple online role-playing games (MMORPGs) might inform the design of interactive learning
and game-based learning environments by looking at the elements which support intrinsic motivation. Specifically, this analysis
presents (a) an overview of the two primary elements in MMORPGs game design: character design and narrative environment, (b)
a discussion of intrinsic motivation in character role-playing, (c) a discussion of intrinsic motivational supports and cognitive
support of the narrative structure of small quests, and (d) a discussion of how the narrative structure of MMORPGs might foster
learning in various types of knowledge. 相似文献
299.
Tertiary Education and Management - In 2010, a comprehensive reform required Italian state universities to restructure their institutional governance by revising their statutes. This interpretative... 相似文献
300.