Ultras in Indonesia: conflict,diversification, activism

Abstract

Ultras play a vital role in the life of Indonesian football. Ultra fandom has emerged as a highly visual, highly spectacular, and frequently violent form of fandom in post-reformasi Indonesia. Ultra fan groups are overwhelmingly made up of young, urban men who dedicate much of the leisure time to supporting their club – whether through being at the stadium, creating on tifos, or through social-media campaigns. Supporter groups such as PSIM’s Brajamusti are linked to the cultural and political realities of everyday life in Yogyakarta. While the Surabaya-based Bonek are engaged in an ongoing struggle against FIFA and Indonesia’s football federation. The Solo-based Pasoepati are a more recent fan group who have supported several Solo-based teams. This article draws on field work carried out between August and December 2014. The article explores how the different fan groups interact with each other with their city and how they imagine an improved ‘soccer-scape’ in Indonesia.     

Trends in the Selection of Coaches for Female Athletes: A Demographic Inquiry

Abstract

Data were collected from 335 collegiate female athletic directors utilizing a questionnaire designed to assess trends in selecting coaches for female athletes between 1974 and 1979. These demographic results revealed: (a) a 37% increase in the number of coaches for female athletes, (b) a greater increase at the assistant (229%) rather than head (8%) coach level, (c) a substantial increase in male coaches (724) in comparison to their female counterparts (44), (d) a significant decline (294) in female head coaches, and (e) a large increase in the number of male head coaches (437). As the bases for this present investigation, current practices and affirmative action strategies were discussed (i.e., gender employment trends, de facto discrimination, federal civil rights legislation). Possible explanations of these findings were offered.     

Relationship between Working Environment,Self-Concept,Real-Ideal Self Discrepancy,and Functionality in Physical Education Teachers

Abstract

The major purposes of the present study were to determine to what extent and in what ways an individual's personality is affected by the working environment. Three questions were asked about the effect of working environment on: (a) realism or accuracy of self-concept, (b) agreement between real self and ideal self, and (c) functionality of personality characteristics. Subjects were 49 physical education faculty in three inner-city and three suburban Los Angeles area high schools. The Holmen Adjective Check List (HACL) was used to assess self-concept, real-ideal self discrepancy, and functionality. Results showed that: (a) suburban teachers had more accurate self-concepts than did inner-city teachers, (b) suburban teachers were seen as being more like their “ideal selves” than were inner-city teachers, and (c) individuals experienced in a given work setting were not necessarily seen as better adapted to that environment than those not working there.     

Repurposing children’s television for the classroom: teachers’ use of “square one tv” videocassettes

This study investigated whether a major new children’s television series on mathematics, produced primarily for an at-home audience, could be “repurposed” for classroom use. Segments were selected from the PBS children’s series, “Square One TV,” and edited into 30 videocassettes organized by curriculum topics. Teachers in two public elementary schools in Cambridge, Massachusetts, used the cassettes over a 10-week period. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected, including teacher interviews, teacher journals of classroom use, researcher observations, a survey of student attitudes toward mathematics, and student interviews. Teachers found the reformatted cassettes to be useful motivational and instructional resources, especially in demonstrating connections between mathematical ideas and real-world situations. A videotape of teacher and student responses is available from the authors. This paper written while Dr. Chen was an assistant professor at the same school, won the Instructional Video Paper Competition marking the 25th anniversary of the Agency for Instructional Technology, Bloomington, Indiana.     

A new opportunity for general education

Renewed interest in general education has provided colleges and universities with an opportunity to reassess the goals of undergraduate liberal education. Before rushing ahead educators must carefully decide what is to be taught, how it will be taught, and to whom it will be taught. Distribution requirements assure no unity. A team teaching structure with an interdisciplinary orientation synergistically transforms the curriculum and which also considers the needs of different student populations is proposed in this article. This plan is administratively and financially expedient and urges that colleges be willng, at least at the freshman level, to delay specialization and preprofessional training.     

Recovery from conditioned suppression to a partially overlapping compound stimulus

In a conditioned suppression paradigm, a partially overlapping compound stimulus signaled occurrences of electric shock. That compound CS consisted of 3 min of continuous illumination of the houselight with three discrete 5-see presentations of a tone superimposed. A .5-sec electric shock was coterminous with each tone presentation. Rats that received this treatment in early conditioning sessions showed considerable recovery from conditioned suppression to the houselight as the experiment progressed. However, the effect was not reversible, and it could not be demonstrated in rats that experienced extensive prior conditioning to the houselight alone. These results are discussed in relation to a hypothesis concerning the modulation of behavioral control exerted by elements of compound stimuli and as they relate to a recent theoretical model for Pavlovian fear conditioning.     

Gendered educational leadership: beneath the monoglossic façade

Recent gender retheorisation has drawn on Mikhail Bakhtin's literary and linguistic theories of monoglossia and heteroglossia to reconcile seemingly contradictory gender discourses. Thus, girls/women and boys/men as they are biologically sexed might be discussed within a poststructural gender theory discourse that disconnects gender from the body. The concepts of gender monoglossia, gender heteroglossia and polyglossia have been applied here to empirical research into the construction of gendered leadership as it was seen to be done by one woman head teacher. The accounts of members of staff expose heteroglossia in the articulation of their understandings of gendered leadership beneath the construction of a monoglossic façade. They also reveal an understanding of polyglossic simultaneity as the head teacher is observed to ‘switch’ seamlessly between modes of doing gendered leadership depending on context and circumstances. There is also evidence of polyglossic simultaneity in the reports that might lead to the rejection and/or redefinition of gender theory discourses.