知識産權基本法要慎行

近來,有業内人士建議儘快制定知識産權的基本法,對知識産權的共性問題進行規制。"知識産權基本法"並不是一個新概念,在十幾年前就有學者提出。2018年在《國家知識産權戰略綱要》實施10週年評估工作中,有關部門啓動了知識産權基本法的研究起草工作,據稱目前已形成專家建議稿。我們認爲,在推動制定知識産權基本法之前,以下兩個問題尚需慎重對待。     

轴控制器在大型流动演出中的应用--以庆祝澳门回归祖国20周年文艺晚会为例

介绍轴控制器在庆祝澳门回归祖国20周年文艺晚会中的应用,对应用中的关键技术和难点进行分析和说明。     

Diagnosis of CO2 dynamics and fluxes in global coastal oceans

Global coastal oceans as a whole represent an important carbon sink but, due to high spatial–temporal variability, a mechanistic conceptualization of the coastal carbon cycle is still under development, hindering the modelling and inclusion of coastal carbon in Earth System Models. Although temperature is considered an important control of sea surface pCO₂, we show that the latitudinal distribution of global coastal surface pCO₂ does not match that of temperature, and its inter-seasonal changes are substantially regulated by non-thermal factors such as water mass mixing and net primary production. These processes operate in both ocean-dominated and river-dominated margins, with carbon and nutrients sourced from the open ocean and land, respectively. These can be conceptualized by a semi-analytical framework that assesses the consumption of dissolved inorganic carbon relative to nutrients, to determine how a coastal system is a CO₂ source or sink. The framework also finds utility in accounting for additional nutrients in organic forms and testing hypotheses such as using Redfield stoichiometry, and is therefore an essential step toward comprehensively understanding and modelling the role of the coastal ocean in the global carbon cycle.     

Superconductivity in chromium nitrides Pr3Cr10-xN11 with strong electron correlations

Exploration of superconductivity in Cr-based compounds has attracted considerable interest because only a few Cr-based superconductors (CrAs, A₂Cr₃As₃ and ACr₃As₃ (A = K, Rb, Cs, Na)) have been discovered so far and they show an unconventional pairing mechanism. We report the discovery of bulk superconductivity at 5.25 K in chromium nitride in Pr₃Cr_10-xN₁₁ with a cubic lattice structure. A relatively large upper critical field of H_c2(0) ∼ 12.6 T is determined, which is larger than the estimated Pauli-paramagnetic pair-breaking magnetic field. The material has a large electronic specific-heat coefficient of 170 mJ K⁻² mol⁻¹—about 10 times larger than that estimated by the electronic structure calculation, which suggests that correlations between 3d electrons are very strong in Pr₃Cr_10-xN₁₁, and thus quantum fluctuations might be involved. Electronic structure calculations show that the density of states at the Fermi energy are contributed predominantly by Cr 3d electrons, implying that the superconductivity results mainly from the condensation of Cr 3d electrons. Pr₃Cr_10-xN₁₁ represents a rare example of possible unconventional superconductivity emerging in a 3D system with strong electron correlations. Nevertheless, clarification of the specific pairing symmetry needs more investigation.     

Evolution and distribution of medullary bone: evidence from a new Early Cretaceous enantiornithine bird

Living birds are unique among vertebrates in the formation of a female-specific bone tissue called medullary bone (MB) that is strictly associated with reproductive activity. MB is a rapidly mobilized source of calcium and phosphorus for the production of eggshell. Among living taxa, its skeletal distribution can be highly extensive such that it even exists in the ribs of some species. Due to its ephemeral nature, MB is rarely fossilized and so little is understood with regard to the origin of MB and its skeletal distribution in early taxa. Here we describe a new Early Cretaceous enantiornithine bird, Mirusavis parvus, gen. et. sp. nov., indicating that skeleton-wide distribution of MB appeared early in avian evolution. We suggest that this represents the plesiomorphic condition for the Aves and that the distribution of MB observed among extant neornithines is a product of increased pneumatization in this lineage and natural selection for more efficient distribution of MB.     

2000—2015年中国铜废碎料贸易及效益风险分析

铜是具有重要战略意义的关键金属。中国长期以来进口“六类废杂铜”和“七类废杂铜”两种废碎料来冶炼再生铜。本文基于海关贸易和有色金属工业统计数据,利用物质流分析和生命周期评价方法研究了铜废碎料贸易的资源、环境和经济效益以及环境与健康风险。结果显示：①2000—2015年,中国累计进口铜废碎料实物量6680万t,其中含金属铜约2000万t,占同期国内再生铜累计产量的56%;②相比利用铜矿石生产精炼铜,利用进口铜废碎料生产再生铜在非生物性资源消耗、温室效应和人体毒性等方面减少了一系列环境影响,同时累计节约铜矿山投资成本约580亿美元。然而,进口的“七类废杂铜”在带来资源效益的同时也造成严重的区域性环境与健康风险：一是进口低品位铜废碎料中夹杂大量有机物,在拆解和熔炼过程中容易产生二恶英等有毒有害物质;二是部分工业园区和小企业在工艺、技术、空间布局和生产管理等方面的落后引发了局部地区较为严重的环境和健康危害。因此,建议辩证和全面地认识铜废碎料进口带来的效益和风险,在坚决禁止进口“以回收铜为主的废电机、电线、电缆和五金电器”这些“七类废杂铜”的同时,继续利用进口“六类废杂铜”作为重要的铜资源,以降低中国对原生铜矿石的依赖以及造成的采矿和原矿冶炼阶段的环境影响。     

国内外海洋资源研究知识图谱解析及启示

海洋经济已成为全球经济发展的重要引擎,海洋资源的开发与利用关乎海洋经济的可持续发展及海洋强国建设。运用CiteSpace文献计量方法,以CNKI和Web of Science数据库中的海洋资源文献为研究对象,通过对发文机构、发文期刊和关键词的分析,总结2000—2019年国内外海洋资源研究的总体特征。结果表明：①国外对于海洋资源研究的关注远大于国内,且国家（地区）间合作发文密切的主要是欧美海洋经济强国;国内海洋资源研究主体主要以沿海地区涉海院校为主,网络图谱结构松散,跨区域跨机构交流有待加强。②国外关注海洋资源研究的学科聚焦于生态学、环境科学、海洋学、国际关系、地理学和生物学等学科;国内主要集中在资源科学、环境科学、人文经济地理、国际关系及政治学等学科。③国外海洋资源研究视角呈多元化发展,对海洋资源综合管理、海洋资源与海洋生态系统、海洋生物资源、海洋资源可持续发展以及深远海资源探索等议题关注较多;国内海洋资源的阶段性研究具有明显的政策导向性,海洋资源与海洋经济、海洋资源可持续发展、海洋资源与生态环境、海洋资源空间治理等主题成为不同时期的研究热点。进一步提出海洋资源的开发与利用应具有大局观与全球视野、重视海洋资源基础性研究与实践、加快人海关系框架下的海洋资源开发模式转换及加强海洋资源理论研究等政策性启示。     

供应链风险评估及其防范

供应链虽可以提供诸多经济效应,但由于其有不确定因数,故存在供应链风险,需要对供应链风险进行评估及防范。按自然环境和社会环境可以将风险分为两类,在将风险分类后,文章提出了一种供应链风险评估的方法,并就如何提高企业的竞争力,提高供应链的整体效益提出了几点建议。     

我国软件产业发展的现状分析与发展建议

在对我国软件产业发展现状进行分析的基础上,指出了我国软件产业发展存在的主要问题,并针对这些问题提出一些政策建议。