Calculated democracy—Explorations in gerrymandering

This paper describes a lesson centered around a metric for measuring partisan gerrymandering: the efficiency gap. We situate the efficiency gap in the current US political climate, describe the activity itself, and then provide recommendations for readers interested in adapting the lesson for their own classrooms.     

中国共产党对于“什么是社会主义”问题的探索经历和认识特征

＂什么是社会主义,怎样建设社会主义＂是中国共产党所面对的重大理论与实践课题。90年来关于＂什么是社会主义＂的认识共经历五个重要的时期,结合具体的环境和实践需要,通过创新性的理论和实践从理论与实践两个方面回答,是中国共产党揭示＂什么是社会主义＂课题的共同道路;制度和特征、本质和目标、价值和属性代表着不同时期＂什么是社会主义＂揭示重心的变化,反映着不同时期中国共产党人深化对于社会主义认识和发展完善社会主义理论的不同路径和具体成就,不存在所谓不同时期揭示之间的矛盾和背离。开辟和不断推进中国特色社会主义事业,完善发展马克思主义的社会主义学说,是90年来中国共产党人对于＂什么是社会主义＂课题揭示的共同成果。     

Effects of heat acclimation on hand cooling efficacy following exercise in the heat

This study examined the separate and combined effects of heat acclimation and hand cooling on post-exercise cooling rates following bouts of exercise in the heat. Seventeen non-heat acclimated (NHA) males (mean ± SE; age, 23 ± 1 y; mass, 75.30 ± 2.27 kg; maximal oxygen consumption [VO₂ max], 54.1 ± 1.3 ml·kg^?1·min^?1) completed 2 heat stress tests (HST) when NHA, then 10 days of heat acclimation, then 2 HST once heat acclimated (HA) in an environmental chamber (40°C; 40%RH). HSTs were 2 60-min bouts of treadmill exercise (45% VO₂ max; 2% grade) each followed by 10 min of hand cooling (C) or no cooling (NC). Heat acclimation sessions were 90–240 min of treadmill or stationary bike exercise (60–80% VO₂ max). Repeated measures ANOVA with Fishers LSD post hoc (α < 0.05) identified differences. When NHA, C (0.020 ± 0.003°C·min^?1) had a greater cooling rate than NC (0.013 ± 0.003°C·min^?1) (mean difference [95%CI]; 0.007°C [0.001,0.013], P = 0.035). Once HA, C (0.021 ± 0.002°C·min^?1) was similar to NC (0.025 ± 0.002°C·min^?1) (0.004°C [?0.003,0.011], P = 0.216). Hand cooling when HA (0.021 ± 0.002°C·min^?1) was similar to when NHA (0.020 ± 0.003°C·min^?1) (P = 0.77). In conclusion, when NHA, C provided greater cooling rates than NC. Once HA, C and NC provided similar cooling rates.     

Error Estimation in Numerical Inversion of Laplace Transforms Using Padé Approximation

Uniform asymptotic estimates for the error in the main diagonal and first two subdiagonal Padé approximants for exp(iz) in a sector covering the real z axis are derived. The results are applied to analyze the error in a cerain procedure for the numerical inversion of the Laplace transform.     

体育教育专业课程改革的理性思考

体育教育专业的根本任务是培养师资,师范性是它的基本属性和职业属性.因此,课程改革必须以培养高素质的体育师资为出发点,树立新的课程观,以"立足教育实际,突出师范性质,面向基础教育,注重全面发展"为指导思想,优化课程结构,重视素质教育,加强基础课;突出主干课,优化选修课;增大教育类课程比例,强化师德和职业技能训练;培养创新意思,增强适应能力;创建以培养学生从师素质为核心的课程体系.     

Peer Group Norms and Accountability Moderate the Effect of School Norms on Children's Intergroup Attitudes

The present study examined the interactive effects of school norms, peer norms, and accountability on children's intergroup attitudes. Participants (n = 229) aged 5–11 years, in a between‐subjects design, were randomly assigned to a peer group with an inclusion or exclusion norm, learned their school either had an inclusion norm or not, and were accountable to either their peer group, teachers, or nobody. Findings indicated, irrespective of age, that an inclusive school norm was less effective when the peer group had an exclusive norm and children were held accountable to their peers or teachers. These findings support social identity development theory (D. Nesdale, 2004, 2007), which expects both the in‐group peer and school norm to influence children's intergroup attitudes.     

Lockbox: mobility,privacy and values in cloud storage

This paper examines one particular problem of values in cloud computing: how individuals can take advantage of the cloud to store data without compromising their privacy and autonomy. Through the creation of Lockbox, an encrypted cloud storage application, we explore how designers can use reflection in designing for human values to maintain both privacy and usability in the cloud.     

对高等学校学生的体质与心理因素内在关系的研究

本文运用运动心理学研究方法,探索了大学生的体质水平与信号反应能力,神经过程特点,个性心理,运动意志,心理负荷,以及运动态度诸心理因素的内在关系,旨在为系统研究学生的体质,提供心理学的理论依据。