The relationships between step count and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events: A dose–response meta-analysis

BackgroundA goal of 10,000 steps per day is widely advocated, but there is little evidence to support that goal. Our purpose was to examine the dose–response relationships between step count and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease risk.MethodsCochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, OVID, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for studies published before July 9, 2021, that evaluated the association between daily steps and at least 1 outcome.ResultsSixteen publications (12 related to all-cause mortality, 5 related to cardiovascular disease; and 1 article contained 2 outcomes: both all-cause death and cardiovascular events) were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. There was evidence of a nonlinear dose–response relationship between step count and risk of all-cause mortality or cardiovascular disease (p = 0.002 and p = 0.014 for nonlinearity, respectively). When we restricted the analyses to accelerometer-based studies, the third quartile had a 40.36% lower risk of all-cause mortality and a 35.05% lower risk of cardiovascular event than the first quartile (all-cause mortality: Q1 = 4183 steps/day, Q3 = 8959 steps/day; cardiovascular event: Q1 = 3500 steps/day, Q3 = 9500 steps/day; respectively).ConclusionOur meta-analysis suggests inverse associations between higher step count and risk of premature death and cardiovascular events in middle-aged and older adults, with nonlinear dose–response patterns.     

难忘母校缅怀恩师

63年前,在第二次世界大战的战火遍地燃烧,东方的巨龙已经觉醒正与日寇浴血奋战之际,沦陷区的青年学子满怀爱国激情和求学深造的愿望,纷纷告别家乡踏上征途,穿过敌人封锁线,历尽艰险辗转到了大后方,我也和他们一样徒步八千里,1943年来到了山城重庆。但是意想不到的是,国统区的大     

论新疆可持续农业中化肥的发展方向

农业的持续发展离不开肥料的增产作用 ,有资料表明 ,新疆 195 5— 1997年的化肥施用量与粮食总产量之间的相关系数r=0 .96 1.目前 ,新疆土壤中钾的含量出现明显的入不敷出 ,部分农田出现亏缺。在新疆农业的持续发展中 ,应加强农田养分投入的宏观调控 ,积极发展作物专用复混肥的生产和应用 ,加快新疆对先进技术的引进和研究应用 ,促进新疆农业的可持续发展。     

Fostering comprehension of risk and causation through media case studies

This paper describes a case study for introductory statistics courses that promotes critical thinking in relation to causation.     

Surface protein gradients generated in sealed microchannels using spatially varying helium microplasma

Spatially varied surface treatment of a fluorescently labeled Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) protein, on the walls of a closed (sealed) microchannel is achieved via a well-defined gradient in plasma intensity. The microchips comprised a microchannel positioned in-between two microelectrodes (embedded in the chip) with a variable electrode separation along the length of the channel. The channel and electrodes were 50 μm and 100 μm wide, respectively, 50 μm deep, and adjacent to the channel for a length of 18 mm. The electrode separation distance was varied linearly from 50 μm at one end of the channel to a maximum distance of 150, 300, 500, or 1000 μm to generate a gradient in helium plasma intensity. Plasma ignition was achieved at a helium flow rate of 2.5 ml/min, 8.5 kV_pk-pk, and 10 kHz. It is shown that the plasma intensity decreases with increasing electrode separation and is directly related to the residual amount of BSA left after the treatment. The plasma intensity and surface protein gradient, for the different electrode gradients studied, collapse onto master curves when plotted against electrode separation. This precise spatial control is expected to enable the surface protein gradient to be tuned for a range of applications, including high-throughput screening and cell-biomolecule-biomaterial interactions.     

Action learning: how learning transfers from entrepreneurs to small firms

This paper presents research with small- and medium-sized enterprise (SME) owners who have participated in a leadership development programme. The primary focus of this paper is on learning transfer and factors affecting it, arguing that entrepreneurs must engage in ‘action’ in order to ‘learn’ and that under certain conditions they may transfer learning to their firm. This paper draws on data from 19 focus groups undertaken from 2010 to 2012, involving 51 participants in the LEAD Wales programme. It considers the literatures exploring learning transfer and develops a conceptual framework, outlining four areas of focus for entrepreneurial learning. Utilising thematic analysis, it describes and evaluates what (actual facts and information) and how (techniques, styles of learning) participants transfer and what actions they take to improve the business and develop their people. This paper illustrates the complex mechanisms involved in this process and concludes that action learning is a method of facilitating entrepreneurial learning which is able to help address some of the problems of engagement, relevance and value that have been highlighted previously. This paper concludes that the efficacy of an entrepreneurial learning intervention in SMEs may depend on the effectiveness of learning transfer.     

隐性知识转化与核心能力培育的相关性研究——基于广东省高技术产业集群企业的数据检验

广东省是第四次国际产业转移的主要承载地之一,而产业集群已成为高新技术企业发展的一种有效组织机制.在知识经济时代,核心能力的培育是企业发展的根本性策略.在知识理论体系中,隐性知识转化是知识管理的主体性内容.基于广东省高科技产业集群企业的数据,经验性的研究揭示了隐性知识转化在核心能力成长过程中的微观路径机理,从而为高科技产业集群企业核心能力的培育提供现实性的理论借鉴.     

基于同构本体结构的企业系统语义复杂度

企业信息系统建设和集成过程产生的复杂度很大程度上决定于系统业务模型的语义复杂度。建立企业业务系统的语义复杂度测度模型是有效控制复杂度攀升的关键。建立企业系统的同构本体结构及其形式化方法的相关定义、定理,给出语义复杂度定义和测度方法。与聚合体系结构方法建模的企业系统进行语义复杂度的比较分析。结果显示,基于同构本体结构的企业系统建模过程具有最低的语义复杂度,语义复杂度不随系统建模过程发生变化,并且调整系统规模和系统集成过程不产生新的信息熵。理论上证实同构本体结构很可能是企业系统建模的最优结构,研究成果为企业系统开发和建模提供理论方法的指导。