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131.
Santosh C. Das Uche P. Isichei Aminu Z. Mohammed Abraham A. Otokwula Abiodun Emokpae 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2005,20(2):35-42
The effect of iodine deficiency (ID) on thyroid function in African women during pregnancy and postnatal period was examined,
for which very limited information is available. Serum T4, T3, TSH, TBG, thyroxine binding capacity (TBK), free thyroxine index (FT4I=T4/TBK) and T4/TBG were determined by ELISA technique in 32 pregnant women (resident of Plateau state, Nigeria- an ID zone) through pregnancy
upto term delivery, and in 5 women up to 6 weeks post delivery. Urinary iodide level was measured at delivery to determine
the degree of iodine deficiency. Results were matched with a non pregnant control comprising 44 subjects. 5555 birth weights
(BW) of term babies in the region were analysed to determine the prevalence of ‘small for dates’ (SFD) babies in the population.
Results show that the level of serum FT4I was elevated very significantly at late gestation (P<.001) but the women were not hyperthyroid, suggesting a marked disturbance
in binding of T4 with TBG during pregnancy. Five women with SFD babies were found in ‘compensated hypothyroid state’ and showed a significant
depression (p<.01) in serum T4/TBG, T4, FT4I and T3 levels to a low normal range, with a concurrent significant rise (p.<.001) in TSH level (above normal range) throughout pregnancy.
Incidence of SFD babies was higher (p.<.001) in ID zone (Bassa 15.2%) compared to control zone (Jos 9.8%). It is concluded
that a state of maternal ‘subclinical (compensated) hypothyroidism’ during pregnancy possibly plays an important role in the
aetiopathogenesis of SFD babies in Africans. A normal reference range for thyroid parameters at various stages of pregnancy
in healthy African women is established for the first time. 相似文献
132.
133.
Shahid Iqbal Mohammed Narendra Subhash Salunkhe Kishor Sukhlal Vishwakarma Vijay Laxminarayan Maheshwari 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2017,32(2):153-162
The present study was undertaken to evaluate antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of Cayratia trifolia root extract against streptozotocin induced diabetes in experimental rats to scientifically validate its use against diabetes in some parts of India. Ethanolic extract, showing the highest activity in in vitro experiments, was prepared in saline and administered orally to streptozotocin induced albino Wistar diabetic rats for 21 days. Biochemical parameters liver and muscles glycogen and in vivo antioxidant activity in normal, diabetic control, standard (metformin) and treated animals were determined and compared. Attempt was made to isolate, purify and characterize one of the major secondary metabolites in extract by range of chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. Treatment of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats with ethanolic root extract (500 mg/kg) caused significant (P < 0.01) reduction in blood glucose (312–178 mg/dL), increase in body weight (181–219 g) and serum insulin (1.28–2.26 IU/dL). It also maintained lipid profile and tests of liver and kidney functions within normal range as compared to diabetic control rats and almost at par with standard drug metformin. The oxidative stress induced decline in glutathione and catalase in liver and kidney tissues showed recovery nearly to normal level as a function of treatment. The GC–MS profile of the extract showed relatively high concentration of β-sitosterol which was characterized by different spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques. The result scientifically and comprehensively validate the reported use of roots of this indigenous plant against diabetes. A strong antioxidant activity of the ethanolic root extract suitably compliments the antidiabetic effect. 相似文献
134.
Mohammed Saqr 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2023,54(5):1077-1094
Learning analytics is a fast-growing discipline. Institutions and countries alike are racing to harness the power of using data to support students, teachers and stakeholders. Research in the field has proven that predicting and supporting underachieving students is worthwhile. Nonetheless, challenges remain unresolved, for example, lack of generalizability, portability and failure to advance our understanding of students' behaviour. Recently, interest has grown in modelling individual or within-person behaviour, that is, understanding the person-specific changes. This study applies a novel method that combines within-person with between-person variance to better understand how changes unfolding at the individual level can explain students' final grades. By modelling the within-person variance, we directly model where the process takes place, that is the student. Our study finds that combining within- and between-person variance offers a better explanatory power and a better guidance of the variables that could be targeted for intervention at the personal and group levels. Furthermore, using within-person variance opens the door for person-specific idiographic models that work on individual student data and offer students support based on their own insights.
Practitioner notes
What is already known about this topic- Predicting students' performance has commonly been implemented using cross-sectional data at the group level.
- Predictive models help predict and explain student performance in individual courses but are hard to generalize.
- Heterogeneity has been a major factor in hindering cross-course or context generalization.
- Intra-individual (within-person) variations can be modelled using repeated measures data.
- Hybrid between–within-person models offer more explanatory and predictive power of students' performance.
- Intra-individual variations do not mirror interindividual variations, and thus, generalization is not warranted.
- Regularity is a robust predictor of student performance at both the individual and the group levels.
- The study offers a method for teachers to better understand and predict students' performance.
- The study offers a method of identifying what works on a group or personal level.
- Intervention at the personal level can be more effective when using within-person predictors and at the group level when using between-person predictors.