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Monika Chausseil 《Learning & behavior》1992,20(3):259-265
The color-vision capacity of two species of procyonides was analyzed using a binary simultaneous discrimination paradigm. To make hue the only salient cue, the color sets of red, yellow, green, and blue were each presented in five different saturation intervals and were tested against a variety of brightness steps. Unlike the nocturnal kinkajous, the diurnal coatis showed highly significant discriminative performance on the color problems, especially in tests on blue and yellow, yet failed to differentiate unsaturated green from achromatic stimuli. The results are discussed with respect to procedural variables and the utility of color discrimination in the coati’s natural environment. 相似文献
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Franzis Preckel Isabelle Schmidt Eva Stumpf Monika Motschenbacher Katharina Vogl Vsevolod Scherrer Wolfgang Schneider 《Child development》2019,90(4):1185-1201
Effects of full-time ability grouping on students’ academic self-concept (ASC) and mathematics achievement were investigated in the first 3 years of secondary school (four waves of measurement; students’ average age at first wave: 10.5 years). Students were primarily from middle and upper class families living in southern Germany. The study sample comprised 148 (60% male) students from 14 gifted classes and 148 (57% male) students from 25 regular classes (matched by propensity score matching). Data analyses involved multilevel and latent growth curve analyses. Findings revealed no evidence for contrast effects of class-average achievement or assimilation effects of class type on students’ ASC. ASC remained stable over time. Students in gifted classes showed higher achievement gains than students in regular classes. 相似文献
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Despite the known benefits of habitual exercise in patients with heart disease, less than half of these patients exercise regularly and many of those who initiate programs fail to maintain physical activity routines over the long term. The aim of this research was to examine processes related to short- and long-term regulation of exercise to gain a clearer understanding of why people might fail to maintain intended behavioral changes. We modeled intention formation and plan formulation to investigate the distinct roles of self-efficacy and motivation (self-determination) in different phases of behavior change. Our results showed self-efficacy to be more relevant to exercise intentions and motivation to exercise planning. This research provides evidence supporting the proposition that the psychological processes related to short- and long-term regulation of behavior change differ and suggests that people might fail to continue regulating intended behavior owing to a lack of self-determined motivation. 相似文献
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Daniela Ostatnikova Jolana Laznibatova Zdenek Putz Anna Mataseje Monika Dohnanyiova Karol Pastor 《High Ability Studies》2000,11(1):41-54
There are suggestive data to link salivary testosterone concentrations (ST) to cognitive abilities in humans. Saliva reflects the plasma-free fraction of ST, which is biologically active, available for uptake by tissues including the brain. In the present study, therefore, salivary testosterone levels in healthy preadolescent children of both sexes, 6 to 9 years old, were determined. Among a total of 215 participants, 122 were intellectually gifted, attending special classes for gifted in primary school (IQ 130 or more in two independent standard tests of general intelligence). Their ST levels were compared with ST levels of 93 non-gifted children attending regular primary school. In general, results show there are no changes in ST concentrations between ages 6 and 9. However, there are significant differences between gifted and non-gifted participants. ST levels in gifted children were lower (p < 0.01) in all age categories. This also holds for both sexes separately (p < 0.01). 相似文献
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Short‐Term Second Language and Music Training Induces Lasting Functional Brain Changes in Early Childhood 下载免费PDF全文
Immediate and lasting effects of music or second‐language training were examined in early childhood using event‐related potentials. Event‐related potentials were recorded for French vowels and musical notes in a passive oddball paradigm in thirty‐six 4‐ to 6‐year‐old children who received either French or music training. Following training, both groups showed enhanced late discriminative negativity (LDN) in their trained condition (music group–musical notes; French group–French vowels) and reduced LDN in the untrained condition. These changes reflect improved processing of relevant (trained) sounds, and an increased capacity to suppress irrelevant (untrained) sounds. After 1 year, training‐induced brain changes persisted and new hemispheric changes appeared. Such results provide evidence for the lasting benefit of early intervention in young children. 相似文献
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It is difficult for teachers to track student learning on a daily basis. However, the Intemet and new technologies that students use every day can make this much easier and more accessible. This article intends to make evident that using student response systems, such as Socrative and a smartphone, teachers can get more control of their students' pace of learning and their progress. Socrative is a very useful tool that helps teachers track student learning in real time. Socrative software can be downloaded on students' smartphones, tablets, or laptops and can facilitate online testing with immediate feedback and access to test results. Students receive immediate feedback as soon as they finish answering test questions. It can also promote cooperative learning when students work in groups discussing coursework. Use of the software can increase motivation, self-esteem, and understanding of concepts discussed in class. 相似文献